African Nationalist radicalisation

Question 1

Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Answer 1

-Wanted to end Apartheid with Guerilla Warfare (sabotage)
-Used violent tactics (created an ethical conflict)
-Allied countries provide training for members (e.g Soviet Union)
-Negotiated and played a key role in getting Mandala freed

Question 2

Poqo

Answer 2

-Wanted to take a violent approach they were frustrated with the slow progress
-Attacked white farmers (Britons+Afrikaners) and caused uprisings
-Had a small support base, lack of resources and internal divisions
-‘One settler, one bullet’ (comes from ‘One Person, one Vote’)

Question 3

The Rivonia Trial

Answer 3

-Mandala used his speeches to convey the injustices of Apartheid and elevated a steadfast commitment to freedom and justice
-Represented resilience and determination, heard both nationally and internationally
-Inspired people and movements worldwide
-International pressure against Apartheid (‘The Specials’ release a song called ‘Free Nelson Mandala’)

Question 4

The National Party’s response

Answer 4

-Arrested, tortured and killed members of the resistance groups (censor them as a threat to national security)
-Passed Terrorism act (1967) and Suppression+Communism act (1960)
-Aimed to squash African nationalists (made them more passionate to fight back)