Africa Flashcards

1
Q

When and how did the British occupation of Egypt begin?

A

In 1882 with the Anglo-French bombardment of Alexandria

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2
Q

When was the Berlin Conference and what was decided?

A

1884- that Belgium was given the Congo

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3
Q

When was the Royal Charter given for Nigeria, and when did the government buy it out

A

Given in 1886. Bought out in 1900

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4
Q

When was the Imperial British East Africa Company founded?

A

1888 to administer and develop Uganda and Kenya

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5
Q

When was the German expedition to Uganda?

A

1900

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6
Q

Where was the Hut Tax put in place, how much was it, and why?

A

Uganda
3 rupees
To turn the natives into a cash system so they would become consumers

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7
Q

What was the Battle of Omdurman and when was it?

A

1898- it was the decisive battle in Lord Kitchener’s Sudan campaign

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8
Q

How many died and were injured in Omdurman?

A

11,000 killed, 16,000 wounded- more than any other conflict between European powers and natives

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9
Q

What was the Fashoda incident and when was it?

A

1897- A French expedition to Sudan led by Marchand was met by Kitchener in Khartoum and was forced to leave leading to a huge embarrassment for the French. This threat was a large reason why Britain invaded Sudan

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10
Q

When did General Gordon die?

A

1885, almost 10 years before Kitchener’s invasion

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11
Q

When was the 1st Boer War?

A

1880-81

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12
Q

What was the decisive Boer victory in the 1st war?

A

Majuba Hill

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13
Q

By how much does the Suez Canal cut the trip to India?

A

6,000 miles

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14
Q

When + what was the Jameson Raid and who was involved?

A

In 1895 the British government and Cecil Rhodes attempted to incite an Uitlander rebellion in the Transvaal, however this did not happen and Britain was forced to withdraw and received international condemnation

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15
Q

When was the 2nd Boer War?

A

1899-1902

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16
Q

What were the international consequences of the 2nd Boer War?

A

Embarrassment as the war had taken so much more effort than expected, leading Britain to sign a number of treaties with Russia, France, Japan and the USA, but not Germany who refused, as Britain had proved to be a weaker power than expected in the war. South Africa was also allowed self government in 1906

17
Q

What were the domestic consequences of the 2nd Boer War?

A

National efficiency- efforts to improve the health of Britain as this was believed to have hindered the war effort

18
Q

Of Manchester’s 11,000 volunteers how many were rejected for poor health?

A

8,000

19
Q

What was the staple good in Nigeria?

A

Palm oil

20
Q

Why is anything to protect India economic?

A

It was worth more than any colony as it had huge amounts of tea, spices, indigo and opium and brought in huge profits for those involved. It was also a huge export market for weapon and cotton industries

21
Q

Which colonies demonstrate imperial rivalry?

A

Uganda, the Great Game, Boer Wars

22
Q

Which colonies demonstrate strategic concerns?

A

Sudan, Egypt

23
Q

Which colonies demonstrate economic interests?

A

India, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, (Uganda)

24
Q

How has a civilising mission been demonstrated?

A

Missionaries in Africa + India
Banning slave trade
Chamberlain seemed to genuinely want to improve the lives of natives although he did say “you cannot have omelettes without breaking eggs”
Banned sati in India

25
Q

Why was there not a civilising mission?

A

In Nigeria they were sjamboked if they didn’t work hard enough and were given mustard and water if they said they were ill to make them throw up
Early explorers said black people were good as ‘cheap labour and slaves’ despite slavery being outlaw
Reaction to the Indian Mutiny
Invasion of Tibet

26
Q

Who were the drivers of expansion in South Africa?

A

Rhodes- economic concerns + special imperial vision
Milner- stirred the pot with the Transvaal because he expected them to just submit to the Empire
Chamberlain- suspicious of Germany + wanted to protect Delagoa Bay

27
Q

How much had Britain invested in gold mining in South Africa?

A

Half of the £74 million invested in gold mining in the Transvaal was British + Britain wanted to boost Britain’s already low gold reserves

28
Q

Which colony was Britains biggest export market?

A

South Africa

29
Q

What percent of Egyptian imports were British?

A

40%

30
Q

How much did Britain’s shares in the Suez Canal cost?

A

£4 million

31
Q

What principle was established at the Berlin Conference?

A

Effective occupation- Britain couldn’t just claim a territory while having no one there

32
Q

What were the benefits of indirect rule?

A

Cheaper
Works with effective occupation
More subtle

33
Q

What is evidence of Rhode’s special imperial vision?

A

Became PM of Cape Colony
Introduced education reforms- white mans burden
“Capitalist for the Empire”
“The Empire is philanthropy plus 5%”