AFMAN13-212 Ch 2&5 Range operations Flashcards
What must be maintained regarding clearance activities?
A record that accurately captures the geographic scope of the clearance activity
Copies of EOD range clearance reports suffice if they include this required information.
What should be developed and implemented for range NVDs?
Training, inspection, and maintenance procedures for range control officers and other range personnel
(T-2)
What procedures must be established for range safety?
Procedures for range, occupational, and explosive safety
Safety of landing zones and drop zones must comply with DAFMAN 13-217.
What is required for emergency procedures related to range safety?
Emergency procedures must be readily available to the range control officer and other ground personnel
Range operating authorities will contact the supporting installation Weapons Safety Manager for assistance.
What process should be implemented for the range? And what Risk Management AFI governs this?
A risk management process in accordance with AFI 90-802, Risk Management
(T-1)
What must be done if the risk increases to high during range operations changes?
Notify the parent MAJCOM prior to implementation
This is in accordance with AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program.
What must the range operating authority perform and maintain for planned changes?
Records of a WDZ analysis for all targets, manned facilities/sites, and equipment on the range
(T-1)
What effort should be made concerning hazard areas associated with ranges?
Make reasonable effort to make information available to the public
This applies to ranges under the range operating authority’s control.
What must be posted regarding range boundaries?
Range boundary signs in accordance with paragraph 4.5.1
Coordination with the owning agency is required for ranges under another agency’s control.
What program should be established to educate about UXO hazards?
An outreach program to educate installation personnel and the public about the dangers of trespassing and UXO hazards
Using appropriate forums to address range issues that may influence the surrounding community.
What procedures must be established for personnel emergencies?
Procedures for basic first aid and medical evacuation of any personnel
(T-1)
What is the purpose of conducting a risk assessment in relation to munitions?
To establish published procedures and restrictions for the expenditure of all munitions
Includes weapons, flares, threat simulators, etc.
How often should the risk assessment be reviewed?
Annually
This is a requirement for ongoing safety and compliance.
Where should the use of depleted uranium (DU) be restricted?
Sole use impact areas permitted by Air Force Medical Readiness Agency Radioisotope Committee
Ensures safety and regulatory compliance.
What must be prepared for the disposal or recycling of DU penetrators and fragments IAW what AFMAN?
Requests IAW AFMAN40-201, Radioactive Materials (RAM) Management
Coordination with the Installation Radiation Safety Officer is required.
What is prohibited in training unless specifically authorized by AF/ATI?
Training that employs improved conventional munitions or munitions that contain submunitions
Examples include cluster bombs.
What should be established when training with improved conventional munitions or submunitions is authorized?
Sole-use target or impact areas where feasible
This minimizes risks associated with training activities.
What is recommended when employing improved conventional munitions on different targets?
Make all reasonable attempts to employ inert and live munitions
Ensures a variety of training scenarios.
What should be established for research and development activities involving improved conventional munitions?
Sole-use target or impact areas
This is crucial for safety and focused evaluation.
What is the goal regarding impact areas for live and inert ordnance training?
Designate separate impact areas to the maximum extent practicable
This enhances safety and reduces risks.
What must be ensured before placing a target or target material on a range?
Removal of all hazardous material, including potentially hazardous waste
Compliance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act is essential.
What type of program should be implemented for range targets and systems?
A preventive and corrective maintenance program
This includes renovation, removal, and overhaul of targets and debris.
What should be considered when designing and maintaining targets?
Minimize future debris clearance costs
This includes innovative range clearance technologies and best management practices.
What should be done immediately if a release of ordnance results in off-range impacts?
Report the incident IAW AFI 91-202
This is critical for safety and regulatory compliance.
What must be immediately reported regarding off-range releases in the United States?
Off-range releases of munitions constituents of concern that pose an imminent and substantial threat to human health or the environment
This is in accordance with DoD Response authorities under 10 U.S.C. § 2701 and 42 U.S.C. § 9604.
What actions support EOD and environmental offices?
Response actions under the Air Force environmental restoration program
EOD stands for Explosive Ordnance Disposal.
What management practices should be implemented to prevent migration of munitions constituents?
Proactive management practices as recommended by an operational range assessment
This includes measures to mitigate actual or potential migration beyond the range boundary.
What are the responsibilities regarding the natural and man-made infrastructure on the range?
Lead efforts to sustain, restore, and modernize the infrastructure
This includes evaluating the health of the natural infrastructure and identifying requirements.
What must be reviewed, coordinated, or approved to ensure compatibility with range operations?
All plans, proposals, and documents that could affect range operations
This ensures compliance with environmental requirements.
How often must the range operating authority coordinate with the supporting installation CE environmental office?
Within 90 days of taking over duties and at least annually thereafter
This is to ensure compliance with environmental requirements and relevant analyses.
What is required to identify and resolve management or mitigation actions impacting range operations?
Consultation with officials responsible for existing agreements
This may include renegotiation of existing agreements if necessary.
What process should participants engage in according to DAFMAN 13-201?
T/TSNS process and coordination
IAW DAFMAN 13-201 and this manual.
Who is the approval authority for coordination on enhanced use leases and easements on Air Force range property?
The designated approval authority
Refer to paragraph 4.4.2.3 for additional details.
What should be identified early regarding future range activities?
Activities requiring environmental analysis under EIAP
This information should be provided to the servicing CE environmental office.
What strategies should be implemented according to the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan?
Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies
Implement as necessary and appropriate.
What should be reviewed early regarding proposed activities involving foreign nations?
Proposed activities (e.g., exercises) involving foreign nations employing weapons
Collect data for validation of WDZ footprints and identify range limitations.
What is necessary to determine the required airspace and surface area for air-to-air gunnery training?
Aircraft performance capabilities and appropriate munitions ballistics tables
This is for safe operation using towed targets and drones.
What action must be taken when PTRs and non-Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) ranges are declared in excess?
Notify the supporting CE unit with real property responsibility
Obtain MAJCOM approval for deactivation, transfer, or decommissioning of government-owned equipment.
Who is responsible for the clearance of operational ranges?
Each MAJCOM/range operating authority
IAW DoDI 3200.16, DoDI 4140.62, MPPEH, DoDM 4140.72, and Title 40 CFR, Parts 260-270
What must each MAJCOM/range operating authority dispose of according to AFI 40-201?
Radioactive wastes
In accordance with the Air Force Radioactive Recycling and Disposal Office
What is the range operating authority responsible for regarding Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard (MPPEH)?
Funding and scheduling range clearance
The range operating authority should publish a readily accessible clearance schedule
Under what circumstances may range clearance be temporarily postponed?
Severe weather or other unforeseen circumstances
This postponement is considered on a case-by-case basis
Who collaborates on the development of the annual range clearance plan?
The range operating authority and the supporting EOD unit (or MAJCOM)
Finalization must occur at least 6 months prior to the first clearance activity
What must range operating authorities do if there is no organic EOD capability?
Establish a written agreement for range clearance support
This can be with the nearest Air Force EOD unit or a non-Air Force EOD unit
What should range operating authorities attempt to synchronize with EOD clearance operations?
EOD deployment cycles or periods of high EOD operations tempo
How are shortfalls in EOD support for range clearance managed?
Within the EOD Information Management System Range Support Tasking Program
What should the plan for range clearance operations consider?
The number of personnel, types of ordnance, expected contamination levels, and support requirements
This is a minimum requirement for the plan
What is a requirement for the range clearance operations plan regarding completion time?
It must provide sufficient time to complete the planned operations safely
What should be requested from the supporting EOD unit to conduct a GPS mapping survey of UXO-contaminated areas?
An advanced echelon element
This survey should include debris densities/distances around the targets at least 2 weeks prior to the arrival of the main body for workload estimates and clearance planning.
How many days in advance must range operating authorities finalize range scheduling and EOD Render Safe Procedure support before the clearance operation?
At least 45 days
This is indicated as a requirement (T-3).
What is the primary objective when clearing UXO from ranges?
To ensure the continuing viability of the range
Conflicts between explosive safety and other requirements should be resolved to minimize explosive hazards.
What method should NOT be used to accomplish UXO clearance?
Controlled burning
Controlled burning may be used to support UXO clearance if environmental and safety requirements are met.
What should be done promptly if any UXO or aircraft incident occurs outside of range or installation boundaries?
Report it to proper authorities
This is to protect personnel and property in accordance with AFI 32-3001.
What must installation personnel and the public be notified about regarding range operations?
Potential explosive hazards off the range
This includes informing the public of any mishap that could impact the local community and may require additional precautions and/or restrictions.
Which directive must be complied with for range operations that occur outside the United States?
DoDD 4715.12
Relevant Combatant Command and in-theater HQ AF Component Command guidelines must also be followed.
Fill in the blank: Range operating authorities must ensure the safe clearance of UXO consistent with the stated mission of the range and for the continuing _______.
viability of the range
True or False: Controlled burning can be used to accomplish UXO clearance.
False
Controlled burning is not allowed for UXO clearance but can support it under certain conditions.
What are the procedures for evaluating and responding to explosives safety, human health, and environmental risks?
IAW DESR 6055.09_AFMAN 91-201 and Title 40 CFR Parts 260-270
IAW: In Accordance With
What must be maintained as permanent records regarding ammunition and explosives?
All expenditures, mishaps attributed to UXO, EOD incidents, and areas suspected to contain UXO
DoDD: Department of Defense Directive, DoDI: Department of Defense Instruction, UXO: Unexploded Ordnance, EOD: Explosive Ordnance Disposal
What details should be recorded for all expenditures of ammunition and explosives?
Types, quantities, locations, using organization, and estimated dud rates
Dud rates refer to the percentage of ordnance that fails to detonate as intended.
What mishaps must be reported and recorded according to DoDI 6055.07?
All mishaps attributed to UXO that occur on or off the range/installation
UXO: Unexploded Ordnance
What operations are included in range clearance?
Removal or disposal of all ordnance, inert ordnance debris, training projectile ammunition, and other range debris
Range clearance is critical for safety and environmental protection.
What is the minimum size for debris that should be detectable during range clearance?
Down to 4 inches in size
This includes both explosive and non-explosive debris.
True or False: Maintenance and clearance operations can be conducted when snow covers the ground.
False
Exceptions may apply if specifically authorized in the MAJCOM supplement.
What personnel are responsible for ordnance removal and disposal?
EOD Personnel or UXO-Qualified Personnel
UXO-Qualified Personnel are defined in the current version of the DoD Explosives Safety Board Technical Paper 18.
Fill in the blank: Range clearance operations include the removal of all _______.
[ordnance, inert ordnance debris, training projectile ammunition, and other range debris]
What should be done with munitions debris from targets awaiting disposal?
Remove all munitions debris
This is crucial for safety and efficient disposal.
How should areas known or suspected to contain UXO be documented?
Using a geographic information system, range maps, and/or installation master planning maps
Compliance with Spatial Data Standards for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment is required.
Who will perform explosive operations to detonate/destroy UXO and energetic material?
Only EOD Personnel will perform explosive operations to detonate/destroy UXO and energetic material.
What is the role of UXO-Qualified Personnel with an approved waiver?
They may perform limited explosives operations to support specific range clearance objectives, limited to venting practice bombs or destroying spotting charges.
What must UXO-Qualified Personnel do when they encounter UXO or munitions that contain explosives?
They will mark all UXO or munitions that contain explosives and report the item and location to the appropriate agency.
What does ‘safe to move’ indicate?
‘Safe to move’ may be indicated by any readily distinguishable means that is mutually agreeable to EOD and the range operating authority.
Who may assist in range clearances?
Personnel assisting in range clearances will only handle items that have been inspected and marked ‘safe to move’ by EOD Personnel or UXO-Qualified Personnel.
What is MPPEH?
MPPEH stands for Munitions Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard.
How is MPPEH managed?
All munitions, munitions debris, and target debris removed from a range are managed IAW explosive safety standards.
What are the classifications of MPPEH material?
The classifications are Material Documented as an Explosive Hazard (MDEH) and Material Documented as Safe (MDAS).
What must ranges institutionalize regarding MPPEH?
Ranges must institutionalize chain of custody processes for MPPEH from collection to final disposition of the hazardous and safe material.
Who typically accomplishes MPPEH processing?
MPPEH processing is normally accomplished by UXO-Qualified Contractors.
What is a requirement for MPPEH awaiting processing and inspection?
It must be in a properly sited residue holding area.
True or False: Non-EOD personnel can handle and transport material marked ‘safe to move’ without supervision.
False.
Fill in the blank: The processing of MPPEH results in a classification of the material as either _______ or _______.
Material Documented as an Explosive Hazard (MDEH) or Material Documented as Safe (MDAS).
What is the requirement for low-angle strafe targets when aircraft fly within 500 feet?
Targets must be hand-policed daily and cleared after 15,000 scored rounds or 12 use days for non-scored targets.
This is specified to ensure safety and minimize hazards from munitions expenditures.
How are improved conventional munition targets cleared?
Cleared after accumulating a specific number of weapons as specified by range operating authorities in the range supplement.
Approval must be obtained from MAJCOM with concurrence from AF/A4C.
What is the debris density factor threshold for clearing improved conventional munition targets?
Less than five items per acre or at least 500 feet from the target.
This is to ensure safety while maintaining operational effectiveness.
What must EOD Personnel do during range clearance operations?
Clear active ranges according to minimum requirements defined in the guidelines.
They may conduct clearance more frequently or to a greater distance as needed.
What is the clearance requirement for target access roads?
Clear roads and the area 50 feet on either side during clearance operations or target maintenance activities.
This applies only to roads noted on range maps and those used for sole access to targets.
When must the area around high-use targets be cleared?
Semiannually or after 150 use days, to a radius of 150 feet around each desired point of impact.
This is to mitigate ricochet hazards and manage UXO density.
What is the biennial clearance requirement for areas around targets used for weapons expenditure?
Clear the area no later than 2 years since last accomplished.
This applies to targets used for practice, inert, pyrotechnic, illumination, or smoke munitions.
What are the two options for clearing targets used for practice or inert munitions?
Clear to either a radius of 300 feet or to the shorter radius where the debris density factor is less than five items per acre.
This ensures safety and reduces the risk of unexploded ordnance.
What is the radius used for clearing targets with high explosive munitions?
500 feet or the shorter radius where debris density is less than five items per acre
This includes munitions like White Phosphorous.
How often must the area around a target used for weapons expenditure be cleared?
Every 10 years
This is required to maintain safety around the target area.
What is the radius for clearing the area around a target every 10 years?
1,000 feet or the shorter radius where debris density is less than five items per acre
What option do range operating authorities have regarding clearing areas within 1,000 feet of targets?
Clear all areas every 10 years, optionally incrementally
For example, 20% of the required area can be cleared biennially for 10 years.
Fill in the blank: The density of debris items should be less than _______ per acre for the shorter radius.
five items
What is the purpose of the safety training requirements outlined in 5.4.2?
To ensure all range personnel engaged in range maintenance and clearance operations receive occupational and explosive safety briefings
IAW Attachment 5.
What specific training must EOD personnel receive according to 5.4.2.2?
Orientation on ordnance expected to be encountered, range vehicle operation, and emergency procedures
(I-1)
What must non-EOD personnel assisting in range clearance operations be briefed on?
Explosive safety hazards and markings used for live, practice, and inert ordnance
IAW AFMAN 91-201 and TO 11A-1-53.
What must each working EOD team have for communication during range operations?
A signaling device
For use in the event an uninformed flight crew attempts to use the range.
What standards should be incorporated into range support contracts?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards and/or DoD Manual 4145.26
Applicable to ammunition and explosives.
What additional requirements may apply to range operations outside the United States?
Host nation requirements
Contact the servicing Safety Office for more information.
During range maintenance and clearance operations, what type of weapon deliveries are authorized?
Only simulated weapons deliveries and training-mode laser operations
IAW applicable directives.
Fill in the blank: Each working EOD team must have a _______ for communication.
signaling device
True or False: Range operations must always follow the same safety training requirements regardless of location.
False
Requiring activities outside the United States may have additional, host nation requirements.
