Afifi Flashcards
injury from conduction block
neuropraxia
injury from loss of axonal continuity
axonotmesis
injury from loss of nerve trunk continuity
neurotmesis
All neurons have one axon and one dendrite EXCEPT
- Amacrine cell of retina
2. Granule cells of olfactory bulb
example of unipolar cells
dorsal root ganglion
example of bipolar neurons
cochlear and vestibular peripheral and olfactory and retinal receptor cells
example of multipolar neurons
autonomic ganglia
Structure distinctive in shape and abundant composed of membrane- bound ribonucleoprotein (granular endoplasmic reticulum)
Nissl bodies
Nissl bodies are absent where
axonal hillock
Neurofilaments. are comprised of 68 to 200 kDA subunits of this structure.
tubulin
Resistant proteolipid artifact in myelin
neurokeratin
Constitutes a barrier preventing certain substances from entry to axons
perineurium
T/F large myelinated fibers conduct nerve impulses FASTER than do small unmyelinated axons
TRUE
connective tisssue sheath contiguous with the dura mater
epineurium
separates and enceompasses groups of axons into fascicles of different sizes
perineurium
continuous with the pia-arachnoid
perineurium
T/F The conduction velocity of axons is directly related to the axon diameter and the thickness of myelin sheath
TRUE
What channels are found clustered in the nodes of Ranvier?
Sodium
Aside from the cells that provide myelin, what is the difference between the myelin of the CNS and PNS?
In CNS, the internodal distance and the gap of the node of Ranvier are smaller
Ratio of Schwann Cell and oligodendorglia to target neuron?
1: 1 for Scwhann
1: 3-200 got Oligodendroglia
protein known to provide the motive force to drive organelles along microtubules
kinesin
protein involved in fast retrograge transport
dynein
T/F There is no slow retrograde transport component?
TRUE
Peptides that simulates the growth of fibroblasts and smooth muscle fibers
Tachykinin
Peptide that affects bone mineralization and stimulates the growth of human keratinocytes
VIP
Distance between nerve and muscle
50 micrometers
Fast or slow adapting receptors?
transient and changing stimuli
Fast
Fast or slow adapting receptors?
sustained stimulus
Slow
Type of receptor that has no spontaneous discharge at rest and are mroe sensitive to vertical displacement?
Type I
Type of receptor that maintains a more slow regular discharge at rest and are more sensitive to stretch?
Type II
Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors that are distributed in the germinal layer of the epidermis. Important in Braille reading.
Merkel’s corpiscles
This means degeneration of a neuron is transmitted to the neuron with which it makes a connection
Transneuronal degeneration
What are the four types of nerve growth factors?
- NTF
- NPF
- Matrix-forming precursors
- Metabolic and other factors
Sunderland’s Classification Type I
conduction block
Sunderland’s Classification Type II
preserved (wallerian degeneration is distal to the nerve lesion)
Sunderland’s Classification Type III
internal fascicular structur is disorganized
endoneural sheath is discontinuous
Sunderland’s Classification Type IV
fascicular nerve structure is destroyed
Sunderland’s Classification Type V
complete loss of continuity
Property of forming new channels of communication after an injury
neuronal plasticity
