Affective disorders Flashcards
What are the three core symptoms of depression?
- Anhedonia
- Low mood
- Fatiguability
The content of delusions and hallucinations in depression tend to be consistent with the patient’s mood, i.e. they are mood _________
Congruent (as opposed to mood incongruent)
Dysthymia
Chronically depressed mood that is not severe enough to satisfy the formal criteria for a depressive episode.
Cyclothymia
Mild elation and depression (seen as a subthreshold form of bipolar)
To diagnose a depressive episode, what’s the minimum time symptoms must be present for?
2 weeks
Name 7 physical causes of depression
1) Hypothyroidism
2) Cushing’s syndrome
3 + 4) Parathyroid disease (hypo and hyper)
5) Stroke
6) Multiple sclerosis
7) Low folate and vit b12
What prescription drugs are known to cause low mood?
- Beta blockers
- Anti-hypertensives: Methyldopa
- Corticosteroids
- COCP
- Phenytoin
- Benzos
- Indometacin.
What is the male:female ratio for:
1) BPAD
2) Depression
1) 1:1
2) 1:2
Both negative and positive life events can trigger mania. Name 3 other environmental triggers of mania
1) The puerperium
2) Sleep deprivation
3) Flying across time zones
Name two rating scales for depression
- Beck depression inventory (BDI)
- Hospital and Anxiety depression scale (HADS)
How long do you have to wait for antidepressants to become effective?
4-6 weeks
How long should symptoms be present to diagnose a manic episode?
Symptoms should be present at least one week and should prevent work and ordinary social activities
What is Lithium’s therapeutic range?
0.6 - 1.0 mmol/L
What the three main mood stabilizers used in the treatment of mania?
- Lithium
- Sodium valproate
- Carbamazepine
Lithium toxicity occurs in levels greater than _____?
1.2mmol/L