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YEAR 4- PSYCHIATRY > Affective Disorders > Flashcards

Affective Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are affective disorders?

A

Mental health conditions whereby mood is affected.

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2
Q

Suggest 2 affective disorders?

A
  1. Depression
  2. Bipolar Disorder
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3
Q

What is Depression?

A

Depression is a disorder that causes persistent feelings of low mood, low energy and reduced enjoyment of activities.

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4
Q

Suggets 5 risk factors of depression?

A
  1. Female gender
  2. Older age
  3. Substance abuse
  4. Childhood adversity
  5. Genetic
  6. Chronic health conditions
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5
Q

Depression can result in a wide variety of symptoms.
But what are the 2 core symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Low mood
  2. Anhedonia (a lack of pleasure or interest in activities)
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6
Q

What is Anhedonia?

A

A lack of pleasure or interest in activities.

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7
Q

Suggest 4 pyschological/emotional symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Anixety
  2. Guilt
  3. Low self esteem
  4. Hopelessness about the future
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8
Q

Suggest 3 cognitive symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Poor concentration
  2. Poor memory
  3. slow thoughts
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9
Q

Suggest 4 physical symptoms of depression?

A
  1. Abnormal sleep
  2. Poor appetite or overeating
  3. Low energy
  4. Slow movements
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10
Q

Suggets 4 factors which are essential to explore when taking a history from whom you suspect is depressed?

A

1.Any dependents e.g. children or caring for adults
2.Alcohol and drug use
3.Forensic history e.g. violence
4.Risk to self and risk to others

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11
Q

When assessing whether someone is a risk to themselves or a risk to others, what things should you consider?

A
  • Self-neglect
  • Self-harm
  • Suicidal thoughts
  • Harming others
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12
Q

What is a PHQ-9 questionaire?

A

PHQ-9 questionnaire is a tool used to assess the severity of depression

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13
Q

**PHQ-9 questionaire **involves asking 9 questions to evaluate the severity of depression.
What does a higher score suggest?

A

The higher the score, the more severe the depression.

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14
Q

How is Depression managed?

A

Managaing the condition using the Biopsychosocial Approach

Bio- Antidepressants- SSRIs
Psych-CBT, counselling, psychotherapy, psychoeducation
Social- Address lifestyle factors e.g. Exercise, diet, stress, alcohol, support with stressors e.g. finances.

Managing Risk- Admission may be required where there is high risk of self-harm, suicide, or if there is a safeguarding concern.

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15
Q

Additional specialist treatments for unresponsive or severe depression are required.
Suggest 3.

A
  1. Electroconvulsive Therapy
  2. Mood stabilsier e.g. Lithium
  3. Antipsychotic medications e.g. Olanzapine
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16
Q

What is Electroconvulsive Therapy?

A

Under general anaesthesia, electrodes are placed on the patient’s head, and a brief electrical current is administered, which triggers a short **generalised seizure **lasting around 30 seconds.

17
Q

Suggest 3 side effects of ECT?

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Muscle aches
  3. Headaches
18
Q

What is Psychotic Depression?

A

Depression accompanied with psychosis.

19
Q

Suggest 3 symptoms of psychosis?

A
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Formal Thought Disorder
20
Q

When psychosis accompanies depression, it generally indicates severe depression, although psychosis can occur with mild or moderate depression.

How would you treat pyschotic depression?

A

Using the biopsychosocial approach.

Treatment involves a combination of:
-Antipsychotic drugs (e.g.olanzapine or quetiapine)
-Antidepressants.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) i

21
Q

What is Postnatal Depression?

A

Depression which comes on within 12 months of having a baby.

22
Q

There is a spectrum of postnatal mental health issues. Suggest 3.

A

1.Postnatal baby blues
2.Postnatal depression
3.Puerperal psychosis

23
Q

What is baby blues?
Suggest some features and treatment.

A
  • Affects 50% of women in the first week after birth
  • Symptoms: mood swings, low mood, anxiety,irritability.
  • Symptoms usually resolve within 2 weeks of delivery and no treatment is needed.
24
Q

What is postnatal depression?
Suggest some features and treatment.

A
  • Similar to depression that occurs outside of pregnancy, affects womens 3 months after birth.
  • Features of Low mood, anhedonia and low energy.
  • Treatment is similar to treatment of depression
25
Q

What is Puerperal psychosis?
Suggets some features and treatment.

A
  • Women experience symptoms of pyschosis e.g. delusions, mania, hallucinations
  • It is rare but serious and typically onsets 2-3 weeks after delivery.
  • Urgent assessment is needed and input from mental health services
  • Require admission to mother and baby unit
  • Treatment often is medication e..g antipsychotics and maybe ECT.
26
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder is characterised by recurrent episodes of depression and mania or hypomania

27
Q

What is the difference between mania and hypomania?

A

Mania involve excessively elevated mood and energy, significantly impacting their normal functions.

Hypomania- involves milder symptoms of mania without having a significant impact on their function.

28
Q

How is Bipolar Disorder diagnosed?

A

YEAR 4- PSYCHIATRY (13 decks)

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