AFAA DOMAIN 1 Flashcards
INTERRELATION OF NERVOUS, MUSCULAR AND SKELETAL SYSTEMS TO CREATE MOVEMENT
KINETIC CHAIN
BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS
ALL NERVES BRANCHING OFF OF SPINAL CORD
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SENSE DISTORTION IN BODY ISSUES
MECHANORECEPTORS
SENSE CHANGES IN TENSION
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN
SENSE CHANGES IN LENGTH
MUSCLE SPINDLES
SENSORY INPUT TO THE CNS FROM ALL MECHANORECEPTORS
PROPRIOCEPTION
CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONE- ANCHOR TO PRODUCE FORCE, LIMITED BLOOD FLOW, SLOW TO REPAIR
TENDONS
INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS: ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS
SARCOMERES
MORE AEROBIC, SLOWER TO REACH MAXIMAL CONTRACTION: RESISTANT TO FATIGUE, TYPE 1
SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE TISSUE
MORE ANAEROBIC, PRODUCE SPEED AND STRENGTH, FASTER TO FATIGUE
FAST TWITCH MUSCLE TISSUE
CONNECT BONE TO BONE, SLOW TO REPAIR
LIGAMENTS
SKULL, RIB CAGE AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN
AXIAL SKELETON
BONES OF UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
NO JOINT CAVITY OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE, LITTLE TO NO MOVEMENT, EX. SUTURES OF THE SKULL
NON SYNOVIAL JOINT
PRODUCES SYNOVIAL FLUID; HAS JOINT CAVITY AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SYNOVIAL JOINT
NO AXIS OF ROTATION, SLIDES SIDE TO SIDE AND BACK AND FORTH, EX-CARPALS OF THE HAND
GLIDING JOINT
CONDYLES OF ONE BONE FIT ELLIPTICAL CAVITIES OF ANOTHER; ONE PLANE OF MOTION, EX-KNEE
CONDYLOID
UNIAXIAL; ONE PLANE OF MOTION, EX-ELBOW
HINGE
ONE BONE FITS LIKE A SADDLE ON ANOTHER; TWO PLANES OF MOTION (SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL) EX. - THUMB, ONLY ONE IN BODY
SADDLE
ONE AXIS; TRANSVERSE PLANE MOVEMENT, EX. RADIOULNAR
PIVOT
MOST MOBILE, ALL THREE PLANES OF MOTION, EX. - SHOULDER
BALL AND SOCKET
SUPERIOR CHAMBERS; RECEIVE BLOOD FROM OUTSIDE THE HEART
ATRIA
GATHERS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM BODY
RIGHT ATRIUM
GATHERS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM LUNGS
LEFT ATRIUM
INFERIOR CHAMBERS; FORCE BLOOD OUT OF THE HEART
VENTRICLES
PUMPS OXYGENATED BLOOD TO LUNGS
RIGHT VENTRICLE
PUMPS OXYGENATED BLOOD TO BODY
LEFT VENTRICLE
LOCATED IN RIGHT ATRIUM, RECEIVES SIGNAL TO CONTRACT; “PACEMAKER FOR HEART”
SINOATRIAL NODE (SA)
TRANSPORT BLOOD BACK TO HEART
VEINS
AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED WITH ONE CONTRACTION
STROKE VOLUME
RATE AT WHICH HEART PUMPS
HEART RATE
TRANSPORTATION, REGULATION AND PROTECTION
FUNCTION OF BLOOD
COMPONENTS THAT MOVE AIR IN AND OUT OF BODY
RESPIRATORY PUMP
FRONT OF BODY
ANTERIOR
BACK OF BODY
POSTERIOR
ABOVE POINT OF REFERENCE
SUPERIOR
BELOW POINT OF REFERENCE
INFERIOR
NEAREST TO POINT OF REFERENCE
PROXIMAL
CLOSER TO MIDLINE
MEDIAL
FARTHER FROM MIDLINE
LATERAL
DIVIDES BODY IN LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES, FORWARD AND BACKWARD MOVEMENT, EX. - BICEPS CURL, SQUAT AND RUNNING
SAGITTAL PLANE
BENDING OF JOINTS, DECREASING RELATIVE ANGLE
FLEXION
STRAIGHTENING OF JOINTS; INCREASES RELATIVE ANGLE
EXTENSION
EXTENSION OF ANKLE
PLANTAR FLEXION
FLEXION AT ANKLE
DORSIFLEXION
DIVIDES BODY INTO FRONT AND BACKSIDES OR HALVES, SIDE TO SIDE MOVEMENT, EX, - LATERAL ARM RAISE, SIDE STEPS, SIDE LUNGE AND SIDE SHUFFLE
FRONTAL PLANE
MOVEMENT AWAY FROM MIDLINE
ABDUCTION
MOVEMENT TOWARD MIDLINE
ADDUCTION
BOTTOM OF FOOT ROTATES MEDIALLY
INVERSION
BOTTOM OF FOOT ROTATES LATERALLY
EVERSION
BISECTS BODY INTO TOP AND BOTTOM HALVES, ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT. EX. - TRUNK ROTATION, BICYCLE CRUNCHES AND LUNGE WITH ROTATION
TRANSVERSE PLANE
LATERAL ROTATION MOVEMENT AWAY FROM MIDLINE
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION
MEDIAL ROTATION MOVEMENT TOWARD MIDLINE
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION
INWARD ROTATION OF LIMBS
INTERNAL ROTATION
OUTWARD ROTATION OF LIMBS
EXTERNAL ROTATION
EVERSION, DORSIFLEXION, AND ABDUCTION OF FEET
PRONATION
INVERSION, PLANTAR FLEXION, AND ADDUCTION OF FEET.
SUPINATION
LENGTH AT WHICH MUSCLE CAN CREATE MOST TENSION; TOO SHORT OR TOO LONG = REDUCED FORCE PRODUCTION
LENGTH TENSION RELATIONSHIP
MUSCLES MOVE TOGETHER TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT
FORCE COUPLE
AGONIST CONTRACTS WHILE ANTAGONIST RELAXES TO ALLOW MOVEMENT
RECIPROCAL INHIBITION
HOW THE BODY RESPONDS AND ADAPTS TO STRESS
GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME PHASE ONE-INITIAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE; 2-3 WEEKS
ALARM PHASE
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME PHASE TWO-BODY ADAPTS TO STIMULI; PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENT; 4-12 WEEKS
ADAPTATION PHASE
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME PHASE THREE-BODY NO LONGER TOLERATES DEMANDS OF TRAINING, OVER TRAINING SYNDROME RISK INCREASES
EXHAUSTION PHASE
TYPE OF STIMULUS PLACED ON BODY DETERMINES EXPECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOME
PRINCIPLE OF SPECIFICITY
WEIGHT AND MOVEMENTS PLACED ON BODY
MECHANICAL SPECIFICITY
SPECIFIC EXERCISES USING DIFFERENT SPEEDS
NEUROMUSCULAR SPECIFICITY
ENERGY DEMAND PLACED ON BODY
METABOLIC SPECIFICITY
TO CREATE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGE, EXERCISE STIMULI MUST BE GREATER INTENSITY THAN BODY IS USED TO RECEIVING.
OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE
PRODUCES TENSION WHILE SHORTENING TO OVERCOME EXTERNAL RESISTANCE
CONCENTRIC
PRODUCES TENSION WHILE MAINTAINING CONSTANT LENGTH
ISOMETRIC
PRODUCES TENSION WHILE LENGTHENING
ECCENTRIC
PRIME MOVER
AGONIST
ASSISTS PRIME MOVER
SYNERGIST
OPPOSES PRIME MOVER
ANTAGONIST
ENERGY STORAGE AND TRANSFER UNIT WITHIN CELLS
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
TRANSPORT BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART
ARTERIES
ENERGY PHASE WITHOUT OXYGEN
ANAEROBIC
USES PHOSPHOCREATINE, LASTS UP TO 10-15 SECONDS
ATP-PC
USES GLUCOSE, LAST UP TO 2-3 MINUTES
GLYCOLYSIS
ENERGY PHASE THAT REQUIRES OXYGEN
AEROBIC
AEROBIC, USES GLUCOSE; ACTIVITY THAT LASTS LONGER THAN 2-3 MINUTES
OXIDATIVE SYSTEM
COMPLEX CARBS STORED IN LIVER AND MUSCLE CELLS
GLYCOGEN
CANNOT BE PRODUCED BY BODY, MUST OBTAIN FROM FOOD
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
PRODUCED BY BODY, NO NEED TO CONSUME IN DIET
NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
PROVIDES ALL ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS, EASY TO DIGEST AND ABSORB
COMPLETE PROTEIN
CHAIN OF CARBONS BONDED TO ALL HYDROGEN IT CAN HOLD; NO DOUBLE BONDS
SATURATED FAT
NOT COMPLETELY SATURATED WITH HYDROGENS; ONE OR MORE DOUBLE BONDS
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
SEVERAL SPOTS WHERE HYDROGENS ARE MISSING; OMEGA-3, OMEGA-6
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
RECOMMENDED FOR GENERAL POPULATION MACRO INTAKE. THIS IS 45%-65% OF DAILY INTAKE
CARBOHYDRATE
RECOMMENDED FOR GENERAL POPULATION MACRO INTAKE. THIS IS 10%-35% OF DAILY INTAKE
PROTEIN
RECOMMENDED FOR GENERAL POPULATION MACRO INTAKE. THIS IS 20%-35% OF DAILY INTAKE
FAT
RECOMMENDED FOR GENERAL POPULATION MACRO INTAKE. THIS IS LESS THAT 10% OF DAILY CALORIES
SATURATED FAT