Aetiology and Pathogenesis Flashcards
Describe the appearance of gingival health?
Knife edge, scalloped gingival margin, stippling, pink
What are the physiological bone levels for gingival health?
1-3mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction
What is gingival health defined as?
10% bleeding sites with probing depths <3mm
What is clinical gingival health characterized by?
Absence of bleeding on probing, erythema and oedema, patient symptoms, attachment and bone loss
What are the local plaque retention factors for the pathogenesis of gingivitis?
Calculus, restoration margins, crowding, mouth breathing
What are the systemic modifying factors of the pathogenesis of gingivitis?
Sex hormones and medication
What is the primary thing needed for clinical gingivitis to occur?
Microbial challenge (plaque)
Is gingivitis reversible?
Yes
If gingivitis progresses what can it turn into?
Periodontitis
What can be seen in periodontitis?
Inflammation and loss of periodontal attachment
What is a false pocket?
Proliferation of sulcular epithelium and enlargement on gingivae when placing the probe into the pocket it will disappear but there is no loss of attachment so is deemed a false pocket
What is a true pocket?
Plaque accumulation on the root surface causing apical migration of epithelium which causes bone loss
How do you check bone level?
Using radiographs and looking for consistency in bone level
What are the two types of bone loss?
Horizontal and vertical
What is horizontal bone loss?
Bone level more than a couple mm from ACJ and is continuous throughout
What is vertical bone loss?
Where bone loss varies on each side of the tooth (one side is deeper than other)
how do the different types of bone loss arise?
Due to the thickness of the alveolar bone that rests between the teeth
If there is thick alveolar bone between teeth which type of bone loss will occur?
Vertical
If there is thin alveolar bone between teeth which type of bone loss will occur?
Horizontal
How is furcation bone loss classified?
By how extensive it is
What is class 1 furcation bone loss?
Bone loss is 3mm into the furcation (about half way)
What is class 2 furcation bone loss?
More than 3mm into the furcation (over halfway)
What is class 3 furcation bone loss?
Probe can go all the way through the furcation
Once in periodontitis what can the progression of attachment loss be?
Episodic or continuous