AERT 3480 Final Flashcards
The ________________ Act created the ______________________ which is used to administer funds to the airports across the US
Airport and Airways Improvement ___ Airport Improvement Program
Publicly owned airports that have at least 2,500 passenger boarding’s each calendar year and receive scheduled passenger service
Commercial Service Airports
Designated by the FAA to relive congestion at commercial service airports and to provide improved general aviation access to the community
General Aviation Reliever Airport
Out of the 20,000 airports in the US, there are about ________ public-use airports; out of these public-use airports, there are roughly _______ airports that are set aside as being under the National Plan of Integrated System (NPIAS)
5,100 ___ 3,500
___________ terminal system designs are considered the oldest as they were first realized at around 1960s
Centralized
The Airport and Airway Development Act created the regulation (which exists up to day) which covers the certification program for airports. This regulations is also known as the 14 Code of Federal Regulations _________
Part 139
Which of the following regulations brought about the formal licensing of pilots and certification of aircraft?
Air Commerce Act of 1926
Which of the following regulations established the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS)?
Airport and Airway Improvement Act
After 1976, the airport cargo operations could be implemented based on new methods agreed upon by both aircraft operators and airport operators
True
Both the Operations and the Freight Tonnage metrics are mostly used in primary airports to determine the eligibility of those airports to be in the NPIAS
False
Airports that receive funding from the Federal Government need to promise that they will be available for public use and without discrimination. These promises are known as Sponsor Assurances (also Grant Assurances)
True
If an airport does not meet the basic criteria of eligibility to be in the NPIAS, it could still be considered if there are at least 5 aircraft that are based at the airport for the next five (5) years
False
The main two elements of an airports are the airspace and the landside
False
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was one of the grant programs administered by the Federal government during the 1930s to help the airports by funding them up to 75% of the necessary funding. This program was crucial to the airports as it helped the development of the airports match the rest of the aviation industry.
True
Industrial category of airports is one of the primary types of airports that are officially included in the NPIAS
False
The medium hub airports make up the largest sub-category within the primary airports category
False
Regardless of the airport size, in order for any airport to successfully function as a modal transfer point, it must have these two elements.
Airside and Landside
While the determination and allocation of slots at an airport may be done by the local regulatory authority, the coordination of such slots is performed by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). This process occurs ________ times a year.
2
Under the US National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), airports are divided into various categories. Which one of these below is not of the designated categories under the NPIAS?
Public
Identify which of the following as not one of the types of airport sponsorships (ownerships) that exist in the US
Multi-state Sponsorship
Choose a statement which is not correct from the following below:
Fewer security personnel are normally needed in a decentralized airport terminal system
The nominal mass of the flight crew and the aircraft (including the cabin configuration) is normally known as
Aircraft-Prepared-for-service
According to ICAO Annex 14, the runway safety area is supposed to be at least 240meters long and the __________ times the width of the runway (in terms of its width).
2
The thirtieth highest hour of passenger flow
Standard Busy Rate
The hourly rate above which 5% of the traffic at the airport is handled
Busy-Hour Rate
The peak hour of the average peak day of the peak month
Typical Peak-Hour Passengers
The largest hourly rate in the average peak day
Peak Profile Hour
An airport can be considered as the physical site where modal transfer happens. At this location, three major elements of the aviation system interact. Which one of the following elements is not typically one of them?
Aircraft Manufacturer
Carriers have a “grandfather rights” to slots in the next equalvant season
Historical precedence
Where two or more airlines are competing for the same movement slot, the airline intending to operate for the largest period of time has priority
Effective period of movement
Short-term emergencies are treated as delays while long-term result in rescheduling
emergencies
Applications for a schedule of new equipment at different speeds or adjustments to stage flight times to make them more realistic have priority over totally new demands for the same slot
Changes in equipment, routing, etc
For most small airports, the typical organization structure that exists is that of line and staff
True
The industrial airports were formally recognized by the federal government in 2018 due to their economic impacts to the community and the nation
False
One of the main disadvantages to using the Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) at airports is the increase in both fuel consumption and noise pollution
False
During the climb phase of the flight operation, the aircraft pilots must ensure they are exactly following the climb rates requirements established by the ICAO; this is a universal practice across the world.
False
During flight planning and preparations, airport operators provide declared distances while the aircraft operators (or manufacturers) provide required distances
True
Which of the following sections of the Airport Certification Manual addresses the maintenance operations associated with snow and ice control?
Section 313
___________ is a metric whose data (mostly capital and operating costs) is evaluated at least every quarter of the year to asses the ground handling performance of an airport.
Cost Analysis
Which of the following sections of the Airport Certification Manual addresses the maintenance of markings, signs, and lighting components of the airfield?
Section 311
______________ is one of the government regulations that provides guidelines on storage of aircraft fuel, handling, and dispensing of the fuel at airports
FAA’s Advisory Circulation 150/5230-4B
_____________ maintenance is an approach where equipment or facilities are not attended to until they break down
Reactive
Which is not one of the safety measures to be taken on the apron side?
Screening of baggage before they are loaded into the aircraft
Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the small aviation businesses (FBO, etc.) and airlines to engage/invest in fuel operations at airports
Competition Between these stakeholders and the airport operator
The airport can choose the following options of personnel to perform maintenance operations at an airport except for _____________
Designated Federal Government Personnel
Which of the following would not be the reason for airlines to form a fuel operations consortium?
Increase Competition
Which of the following would not be considered as part of the marshaling operation at the ramp/apron?
Loading of Cargo
Which of the following operations would not considered as part of the ground handling operations?
concession Operations
______________ is the location where the fuel from the refinery arrives for quality checking and other necessary before being deployed to the airport facilities
Pre-field Supply Terminal
Which of the following would not be the main role of the airport operator in a large commercial airport regarding onboard services & catering?
Arranging cleaning and catering for the airline
Which of the following is not one of the factors that the airport operator may consider to ensure safe and economic fueling operators at their airport?
Prohibit the presence of passengers inside the aircraft while refueling
Which of the following is not one of the main reasons for airports discouraging the use of Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)?
APUs Production and Repair Cost
Various airports have adopted the preventive maintenance program for the following both economic and environmental reasons except for ________________
Spend Federal Funds on a Timely Manner
Which of the following is not considered as one of the standard methods to dispense fuel onto a commercial aircraft at an airport?
Aerial Refueling
For all commercial airports (those certified under Part 139 regulation), the airport operator (manager) is the official airport fueling agent i.e. the manager is in charge of what happens regarding fuel operations. This does not mean, they have to carry out fuel operations; however, they are ultimately responsible for anything that happens with regard to fuel at airport
True
The larger the airport here in the US, the less likely the airport users will form a fuel consortium i.e. this is the typical case due to business competition.
False
Airport operators must adhere to both standards and industrial recommended practices related to fuel operations at their respective airports
False
In the United States, the practice of forming fuel consortium is more common in small and medium airport hubs compared to large hub airports
False
An airport located in mid-Oklahoma receives its jet fuel by using trucks. According to the IATA Guidance on Airport Storage Capacity, the airport manager needs to ensure the airport always has a strict adequate fuel reserve of at least 10 days
False
The ATA Specifications 103 Standard was established to provide guidance on safe storage and distribution of jet fuel at airports
True
The Operations and Maintenance section of the Airport Certification Manual (ACM) details how the airport operators will be performing the maintenance operations of the airport (especially those on the airfield)
True
After the introduction of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the FAA requires the airports’ operators to perform the catering services to their respective scheduled air carriers - this was set to enforce higher security levels at commercial airports
false
In most large and medium hub commercial airports, the line maintenance is strictly coordinated and performed by airport operator. This is to ensure the safety integrity of the airport.
False
Maintenance Operations are unique in a sense that they are specifically addressed in the Code of Federal Regulations Part 139 (the regulation that is used to certify commercial airports)
true
Fuel Storage Tanks at airports can be build underground or above the ground.
True
Each commercial airport is required to address each specific section related to maintenance operations in the Airport Certification Manual (ACM)
True
Aircraft Manufacturers (especially for large transport aircraft) normally provide documentation which suggest the the best arrangement of facilities and equipment to optimize turn-time efficiency
True
Regular inspections (daily, weekly, monthly, annual) are one of the federal requirements with regard to some of the maintenance operations at commercial airports
True
The usage of auxiliary power units (APUs) has been declining over time due to both environmental and financial reasons
True
Which of the following is not one of the many advantages of utilizing the Unit Load Devices?
Avoidance of Questionable Cargo Getting into the Aircraft
The Airway bill is a document that serves multiple uses in air cargo operations except for_________________
A delivery receipt that is also transferable to other modes of transportation
Which of the following is not one of the typical baggage drop facilities created for airline passengers?
Airside Bag Drop
During the baggage screening process, if a baggage is selected to go through Level 3 screening, the following has to happen:
Manually screening is performed
United Airlines station manager for the Reagan National Airport conducts an inventory of the existing ULDs and realizes that he would need additional ULDs to maintain the required ULDs at the station. The manager sends a message to the Headquarters (HQ) at Willis Tower at Chicago requesting additional ULDs be sent to the station by the end of the week. What kind of message did the manager send to the airline HQ?
Stock Control Message
Maintenance of equipment and facilities when they break down
Reactive Maintenance
Maintenance activities that are done to keep an airport operating - their main causes can be weather, environmental conditions, manufactures recommendation calibrations
Operational Maintenance
Maintenance activates that involve conducting a series of actions to detect, preclude, or mitigate the deterioration of the infrastructure system
preventive maintenance
Maintenance activities that involve continuous testing and monitoring of equipment and facilities in order to detect symptoms that are out of specifications
Predictive Maintenance
Which of the following sections within the Airport Certification Manual refers to the maintenance operations of the Safety Areas?
section 309
In order to aid the aircraft operators (especially the flight dispatchers), the airport operators (at times in corporation with the government) can provide the following services except for____________
Aircraft wt. and balance
____________ is defined as the times it takes for the first and lat bags to be delivered at the baggage claim area after the arrival of the flight
Delivery Speeds
Flight Information Displays
Airport Operator
Check-in Process
airline
airline lounge
airline
Customs
Government
__________________ is defined as the number of bags reported missing at the destination per 1000 transfer passengers flown
Transfer short landed rate
Which of the following services would not necessarily be considered as an airline-related service provided at the airport terminal?
Duty free concession
When it comes to airport maintenance operations, the airport can find human resources from at least four categories. Which of these categories involves obtaining assistance from the local town or city (it can also be for equipment)?
Shared Maintenance Personnel
The following are types of baggage sorting system except for ___________
Tractor-based
Which of the following is not a government operation performed at an airport terminal?
Taxation of New Immigrants
Unit Load Devices (ULDs) are designed to utilize the aircraft weight and volume capabilities
True
The two (or three) letters at the end of the ULD ID number represent the category and dimensions of the ULD
False
One of the reasons for airport and aircraft operators to create baggage storage areas is the presence of transfer passengers
True
Interlining operations can happen only among carriers who are all members of the IATA ULD Multilateral Control Agreement
True
According to the Montreal Convention on Air Cargo Operations, the carriers are liable for delay, loss, and safety of the cargo
False
Initially, the ULDs were mainly reserved for larger aircraft (two aisle aircraft); however, currently, some single-aisle can accommodate the ULDs. This is helpful for airlines as they can utilize newer small aircraft to go to distant destinations while carrying the necessary cargo for the flight.
False
It is crucial to classify the various cargo types because of the safety risk posed to crew, passengers, and operational staff
True
Pallets used in air cargo operations are basically metal boxes filled with cargo - they have a door and they can come specialized for various types of cargo
False
Originally, centralized terminal systems consisted of several bag rooms assigned to various sections of the airport gates
False
Airline-related passenger services are considered those services that are a mixture of basic human needs (things like restrooms, seating) and various concessions
False
Delta Airlines has scheduled two rescue flights for several US citizens from Cairo, Egypt. The two flights will be operated by a A330-300 and a A330-200; both aircraft will fly from Cairo and head straight to Atlanta, Georgia. The two flights are scheduled to takeoff from Cairo 15 minutes apart. In order to ensure the separation minima regulations are followed, the Egyptian Air Traffic Control have to ensure the two flights fly at different altitudes spaced at ___________ ; after they climb above
1000ft & 2000ft
In Air Traffic Control, Collaborative-Decision-Making approach is one of the strategies used to enable to communicate________
The latest information on the airport’s state of operations
Which of these ICAO Annexes addresses how air traffic services should be administered to the aviation community in member state countries?
Annex 11
While following the Instrument Flight Rules, pilots have to ensure the flight path is at least ______ feet above the highest obstacle anytime within the ______ miles of the aircraft’s position. This rules has exception during landing and takeoff
1000 & 5
General aviation pilots operating at a towered airport are always excused from maintaining a two-way radio communication with the ATC
False
Construction and operation of the airways system in the United States prior to 1926 were controlled by the military and by the Post Office Department
True
The FAA Contract Tower Program was originally established back in 1982
True
The first attempt at creating air traffic control rules was done in 1922 under the guidance of the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO)
False
The standard universal agreement on vertical separation of aircraft is that aircraft should be spaced 1000ft apart if they are flying at different altitudes; if they are above flight level FL410 then they should be spaced 2000ft apart
False
__________ consist of airspaces of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where increased security and safety of ground facilities is necessary
National Security Area
The traffic air patterns were established to only help the non-towered airports
False
_________ is the airspace that may be used for hazards that are visible to aircraft, such as aerial gunnery,
guided missiles, or artillery firing
restricted area
_________ is the airspace that may be used for hazards that are visible to aircraft, such as aerial gunnery,
guided missiles, or artillery firing
True
A transition area is an airspace in which an unusual activity is taking place
True
The IFR sectional charts tend to have more terrain or obstruction features compared to the VFR sectional charts
False
Class ______ airspace is generally the airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanement
C
A typical terminal airspace of an airport extends from the ground to a specified altitude, and it covers an area of 60 miles in diameter
True
One of the factors that the FAA examines before they can grant an airport permission to have a contract tower service is that the ratio of benefit to cost of the operation should be greater than 1.0
True
Class ____________ airspace is the airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or passenger enplanement
B
Which of the following conditions would not guarantee us to install the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) lighting system?
The runway is mainly used by piston aircraft
Which of the following radars is not necessarily found in and around the airports?
Air Route Surveillance Radar
Aircraft that are approaching an airport are normally separated longitudinally by _____ miles if they are less than 40 miles from the radar site, and ______ miles if they are 40 miles or more from the radar site
3___5
_________ is an all-weather aircraft landing system based on real-time differential correction of the GPS signal against local reference receivers located around an airport at precisely surveyed locations
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
The following technologies are examples of NextGen technologies except for _________
Marker Beacons
The following are some of the benefits of utilizing the electronic aircraft nose-in gate self-docking techniques, except for _________
Reducing the energy consumption at airports
The ________ radar was originally developed by the military as a precision landing aid independent of airborne navigation equipment
Precision Approach
_________ is designed to enhance the capabilities of Global Positioning System (GPS) to permit the system to be used for precision approaches without the need for on-airport equipment
WAAS
The benefits of using the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) include the following except for:
Improving the language communication between aircraft pilot and the air traffic control tower
One of the primary differences between the Air Route Surveillance Radar and the Secondary Surveillance Radar is that the former has a coverage of up to _____ miles, while the latter can have a coverage of up to _______ miles
200 and 100
The Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) combines moving target data with weather to provide enhanced aircraft detection in bad weather
True
One of the shortfalls of the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) lighting system is that it tends to give rise to give rise to an oscillatory approach when the pilot is moving between the upper and lower limiting approach planes
True
The Area Navigation (RNAV) technology was first developed to be used with the Satellites - around the 1980s.
False
Both Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) are considered because they utilize the Satellites to transfer information.
True
When it comes to operations, the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lighting system is not as beneficial compared to the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) lighting system
False
The Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast is deemed automatic because neither the pilot nor the controller does anything - the aircraft broadcasts its information automatically at a periodic interval
True
Which of the following is not one of the main elements included in the Significant Weather Forecasts and Charts?
Airport Climate Information
The two countries that were tasked by the ICAO to handle the Aviation Meteorological Information Services’ centers are _______ and ________
USA & UK
The total range of altitudes between which the Significant Weather Forecasts (SIGWXs) and Charts (SWCs) provide meteorologic information is between ________ ft and _________ ft
10,000 & 63,000
Which of these information is not typically generated by the AMDAR?
Flight level tropopause
If an airport wanted to notify aircraft operators about a possible volcanic eruption situation that is developing rapidly in the nearby mountainous region, the airport operator would utilize the __________
sigmet
Which of the following is not one of the Meteorologic observation reports?
Aircraft Metrologic data relay (AMDR)
The three types of Aeronautical Information are the following except for:
MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION
Terminal Airport Forecasts (TAFs) are similar to METAR reports except their forecasts are valid for up to ______ hours
30
If an airport wanted to notify aircraft operators about a construction that is taking place and hence blocking flight operations in one of the runway, the airport operator would utilize the __________
NOTAM
While the Global Grid Point forecasts monitor the weather information for several flight levels, there are two main criteria that the most important. These are _______ & ________
in-flight winds & temperature
Based on the format recommended by ICAO, the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) contains _______ main section
3
The Significant Weather Forecasts (SIGWXs) and Charts (SWCs) are produced by the two WAFSc four times a day during the following hours:
0000;0600;1200;1800 Hours
Meteorologic elements that are included in the Significant Weather Forecasts and Charts include the following except for _________
runway fog and visibility
Aircraft Meteorologic Data Relay (AMDAR) is a type of reporting that was initiated by ICAO and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - the main purpose was to utilize the many data generated by aircraft sensors. Each member state of the ICAO is now required to ensure this technology is being implemented in their country
false
ICAO requires member states to provide climate related information of airports where the meteorological information is given to aviation stakeholders (airport operators, airlines, etc.)
true
Significant weather forecasts and Significant weather charts provide weather information at high altitudes (flight levels FL210 to FL630) and, medium altitudes (flight levels FL100 to FL200)
false
Each member state of the ICAO agrees to produce the Aeronautical Information according to the international format laid out by the ICAO
false
TAFs are like METAR reports except these are forecasts issued for 6 to 24 hours ahead
false
Since the aviation telecommunication formats vary from one member state to another, it is crucial that each country regularly posts any update regarding the format of these messages
false
Which of the following KPIs would not be a good fit only one of these airports: Toledo Express Airport and Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW)?
Border Clearing time
Which of these is not one of the four main categories of KPIs provided by ICAO?
Navigation
Which of the following Title 49 regulations address general aviation airports’ security?
none of the answers
________ is one of the basic elements of a KPI; it informs the the airport operator of the metric used with the KPIs
Definition
___________ is the area where passengers gain access to boarding the aircraft - access to this areas is controlled by TSA through screening
Sterile Area
_________ is one of the characteristics of an effective KPI which basically means for every KPI there is person or unit in the business who is accountable for results
Owned
Which of the following regulations under Title 49 deals with airport security?
Part 1542
Which of these is not of the aviation security positions which were created by the Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990
Director of Airport Security
Which of these functions of the Airport Operations Control Center (AOCC) is required by ICAO at an airport?
Emergency operations
_______ is one of the basic elements of a KPI; it informs us of what aspects will probably influence the KPI we choose to use for our airport operations
Driver
Which of the following is not one of the disadvantages of a centralized search procedure?
Results in loss of revenue from restaurants, bars, shops, etc
Which of these ICAO Annexes addresses the topic of security standards and recommendations at airports?
Annex 17
Which of the following is not one of the disadvantages of a de-centralized (gate) search procedure?
Surveillance of passengers becomes difficult at busy airports - Only one standard of search is possible, whereas high risk flights may require more thorough search
___________ is performed to inform the airport management whether the airport organization’s strategic objectives are being met over time
Self Benchmarking
_________ is one of the characteristics of an effective KPI which basically means every KPI should be well detailed for the lower manager and staff to utilize
Understood
Normally, it is expected that privatized airports would utilize different set of financial Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) compared to those used by government-owned airports
True
Another way to look at Airport Operations Control Centers is like system that helps us to manage the supply and demand of the airports operations (stakeholders present their demands and airport operator present the supplies)
True
Given the similarities across airports, the set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used to monitor the commercial activities in commercial airports is very consistent at airports across the globe
False
Internal Assessment is important because informs the airport management whether the regulatory requirements are being met (ICAO Regulations/Recommendations, etc.)
True
ICAO Annex 17 requires that each member states sets up a national agency to deal with aviation security at airports
True
The four key performance areas established by the Airports Council International (ACI) are: Safety, Quality of Service, Productivity, and Cost Effectiveness.The four key performance areas established by the Airports Council International (ACI) are: Safety, Quality of Service, Productivity, and Cost Effectiveness.
False
Given the same ICAO security standards are being used by all the member states, security community within the airport environments tend to be uniform throughout
True
If an aircraft is unlawfully seized or sabotaged, it should be kept at least 1500ft from other aircraft parking position (or apron), buildings public areas, or utilities (power systems, etc.)
False
The ICAO has mandated that each member state ensure that their commercial airports have the Airport Operations Control Center (AOCC) facilities
False
We can utilize the Airport Operations Control Center to monitor to keep track of the KPIs
True
The Airport Watch Program is a federal mandated program to ensure security is being enforced at general aviation airports
False
ICAO does not require airports to have AOCCs; however, it requires airports to have two operational centers - these two happen to be part of the AOCC - Coordination and Emergency Centers
True
The National Pollution Discharge System (NPDES) requires airport operators to have a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) in which they have to observe the following items except for ______________
Collecting environment fees from the airport concessionaires
Which of the following regulations brought the categorization of various places as either attainment or non-attainment areas?
Clean Air Act
The highest certification status which is provided under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is the ___________ status
Platinum
Which of the following is not considered one of the basic stages of an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
Submission
The following states have not adopted the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design framework in their local regulations except for ________
Vermont
The Branson Regional Airport reported an estimated amount of 345kg of hazardous waste materials for the month of April. In this situation, this airport would be categorized as a ____________
Small Quantity Generator (SQG)
Which of the following would not counted as a benefit of having an Environmental Management System (EMS)
Increased environmental taxes and fees
If an airport generates more than ____________ kg of waste in a month, it must obtain an identification number from the EPA
100
Examples of practicing Record Keeping and Internal Reporting System as one of the Best Management Practices (BMP) include performing periodic weekly inspections and utilizing the inspections records and checklists
true
When referring to “Environmental Capacity”, we mean the process of building environmental networks and communities-of-practice by stakeholders of the airport
true
As part of enforcing the environmental awareness and compliance throughout the country, the Federal Government instituted the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) framework which is incorporated into construction regulations
False
Examples of practicing Spill Prevention and Response as one of the Best Management Practices (BMP) is to label storm water drain inlets so that various stakeholders are aware of the direct impacts of their actions on storm water runoff
false
As part of protecting the ground water, the federal government has enforced that only a Certified Applicator applies pesticides and fungicides on the airfield
true
Through the NAAQS, airports must conform to State Implementation Plans (SIP) and conduct an inventory of all airport emission sources
true
An airport building that has passed the LEED certification is expected to conserve energy and water in the long run.
true
Airport operators who want to get their airports get accredited as “green airports”, they need to through the Green Airport Initiative which is administered by the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI)
false
