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CPL - Air navigation > Aeronautical charts > Flashcards

Aeronautical charts Flashcards

1
Q

Projection

A

Method used to represent a spherical shape on a flat surface (results in some distortion of shape and size)

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2
Q

What increases distortion

A

Larger mapped areas have larger distortion

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3
Q

Orthomorphic

A

Correct shape/conformity (it has been mathematically adjusted)

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4
Q

If a projection is to be orthomorphic what conditions must be satisfied

A
  • Shapes and features must be correctly placed
  • Meridians and latitudes must intersect at right angles as they do on the earths surface
  • Scale at any point must be independent of direction (for any part of the chart the scale is the same along both parallels and meridians, although it may vary over large distances it must be within certain limits and have a constant rate of change)
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5
Q

Mercator orthomorphic?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Mercator poles projected?

A

No

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7
Q

Mercator scale constant?

A

No (increasing away from equator)

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8
Q

Mercator shapes correctly represented?

A

Yes (areas arent)

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9
Q

Mercator meridians of longitude

A

Parallel straight lines equidistant apart

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10
Q

Mercator parallels of lattitude

A

Straight lines expanding away from the equator

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11
Q

Mercator adjoining sheets

A

If if same scale they will fit together N-S and E-W

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12
Q

Mercator Great circles

A

Curved convex to the nearest pole

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13
Q

Mercator rhumb lines

A

Straight lines

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14
Q

Lambert conformal orthomorphic

A

Yes (conformal)

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15
Q

Lambert conformal poles projected

A

Yes

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16
Q

Lambert conformal scale constant

A

Yes

17
Q

Lambert conformal shapes correctly represented

A

Yes (areas not quite)

18
Q

Lambert conformal meridians of longitude

A

Straight lines converging at the poles

19
Q

Lambert conformal parallels of latitude

A

Arc’s concave to the nearest pole

20
Q

Lambert conformal adjoining sheets

A

If using the same standard parallels they will fit E-W but not N-S

21
Q

Lambert conformal great circles

A

Closely resemble straight lines

22
Q

Lambert conformal rhumb lines

A

Curved lines concave to the nearest pole

23
Q

Lambert conformal conical projection process of creating

A

Cone cuts the earths surface at 2 places called the standard parallels and then it is mathematically adjusted to make it orthomorphic

24
Q

Lambert conformal advantages

A
  • Can map polar regions, poles and high latitudes
  • Can measure distances accurately
  • Can plot great circles so it is good for radio wave maps
25
Q

Lambert conformal parallel of origin

A

it is equidistant to the standard parallels

26
Q

Lambert conformal uses

A

It is selected by the ICAO to be used for aeronautical maps for mid-high latitudes

27
Q

Mercator creation process

A

Can be imagined as a cylinder being placed around a globe with a light source at the centre of the earth projecting the parallels and meridians onto the cylinder which can then be laid flat

28
Q

Mercator uses

A

It gives correct representation of bearings, in aviation maps are only to be used for equatorial regions

29
Q

Mercator disadvantages

A
  • Very large distances are difficult to measure
  • Cant plot great circle radio bearings
  • Cant be used above 70 N or S latitude because of scale expansion
30
Q

Aerodrome plates

A

AIP vol 4, contains

  • runway dimensions, bearing, length, surface, slope, group rating
  • circuit direction and height
  • aerodrome elevation
  • frequencies
  • operational aerodrome info
  • lighting
  • fuel and passenger facilities
31
Q

Aeronautical charts types

A
  • VPCs (visual planning chart): used for planning, yellow chart, scale 1:1,000,000
  • VNCs (visual navigation chart): used for in flight navigation, can either be blue with a scale of 1:500,000, green with a scale of 1:250,000 or orange with a scale of 1:125,000
32
Q

Chart scale

A

The ratio of a given distance on a map to the actual earth distance it represents

33
Q

Chart legend

A

Provides a key for airspace, geographical features and symbols

34
Q

Relief

A

It is the variation in height and slope of the earths surface above MSL, it can be found on the chart legend depicted by colour tinting, shading, spot heights and max elevation figures

CPL - Air navigation (8 decks)

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