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M11 New > Aerodynamics & Flight Controls > Flashcards

Aerodynamics & Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

What axis is pitch

A

Lateral - wing tip to wing tip

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2
Q

What axis is roll

A

Longitudinal - nose to tail

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3
Q

What axis is yaw

A

Vertical - through the centre of gravity

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4
Q

control surface for yaw

A

Rudder

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5
Q

Control surface for roll

A

Aileron

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6
Q

Control surface for pitch

A

Elevator

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7
Q

Where and what are roll spoilers / speed brakes added for

A

Larger commercial aircraft & Increase efficiency of the flying surface

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8
Q

What happens if the right aileron is deflected upward

A

Decreased lift on right aileron , increase lift on left aileron

Aircraft rolls right

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9
Q

Are high speed ailerons inboard or outboard

A

Inboard

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10
Q

What’s bigger inner or outboard ailerons

A

Outboard

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11
Q

What can be used to help execute accurate turns

A

Roll spoilers

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12
Q

Where are elevators located

A

Trailing edge of horizontal stabiliser

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13
Q

What creates a nose down motion

A

Elevators deflected down

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14
Q

What pilot action can cause the aircraft nose to pitch up

A

Control column pulled rearwards

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15
Q

What is a stabilator a combination of

A

Elevator and horizontal stabiliser

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16
Q

Where are stabilators found

A

Light general aviation aircraft

High speed military combat aircraft

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17
Q

What’s another name for a variable incidence stabiliser

A

Trimmable Horizontal stabiliser ( THS )

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18
Q

What is a trimable horizontal stabiliser used for

A

Pitch trimming due to its limited range of movement

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19
Q

How does a variable incidence stabiliser reduce drag

A

It reduces the requirement for elevator deflection

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20
Q

Primary role of canard

A

Provide pitch control

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21
Q

How does the aircraft deflect the rudder left and what happens

A

Deflected left by pilot pushing left rudder pedal & aircraft is defected left

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22
Q

Why do we need a rudder limiter

A

To stop excessive use of the rudder at high speeds as it can cause structural failure on vertical stabiliser

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23
Q

What aircraft does adverse yaw happen in and how can you reduce it

A

Light aircraft & reduced by frise ailerons or differential ailerons

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24
Q

What’s an elevon

A

Combination of aileron and elevator

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25
Q

What type of aircraft uses a elevon

A

Delta wing aircraft

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26
Q

What is a ruddervator

A

Combination of rudder and elevator

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27
Q

What type of aircraft uses a ruddervator

A

V - tailed aircraft

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28
Q

How is an aileron controlled in the cockpit

A

Yoke or side to side of control colomn

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29
Q

What happens if pilot moves stick to the right

A

Right aileron up and left down

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30
Q

What happens to the ailerons in a left turn

A

Left aileron up and right down

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31
Q

How do spoilers supplement aileron control

A

Reduces lift on wing

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32
Q

How do elevators move

A

Up and down same time

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33
Q

What does pushing the pilot stick foward do to the elevator

A

Nose down attitude

34
Q

What does pulling the pilot stick rearward do to the elevator

A

Nose up attitude

35
Q

What attitude does a deflected up elevator give

A

Nose up

36
Q

What attitude does a deflected down aileron give

A

Nose down

37
Q

What is a stabilitator a combination of

A

Elevator and horizontal stabaliser

38
Q

What type of aircraft is a stabilitor most common on

A

High speed

39
Q

What is a variable incidence stabiliser also known as and what is it used for

A

Trimmable horizontal stabiliser

Used for pitch trimming

40
Q

Where is a canard

A

Horizontal surface ahead of wings at the front

41
Q

How can we overcome adverse yaw

A

Aileron rudder interconnect system

42
Q

How is Dutch roll compensated

A

Sensed and corrected by yaw dampening system

43
Q

What is the purpose of high lift devices

A

Increase lift produced by wing

44
Q

Does a slot create lift

A

No , re-energise boundary layer to delay flow separation or prevent stall

45
Q

Where are slots located

A

Outboard leading edge

46
Q

What is a slot

A

Fixed convergent duct or gap

47
Q

Where are slats located

A

Leading edge

48
Q

Where are flaps located

A

Trailing edge on wings

49
Q

What does a flap do

A

Increase lift at low speed used during take off and landing

50
Q

How does deploying the flaps help the pilot

A

Causes a nose down attitude which aids the pilots view

51
Q

Plain flap lift increase

A

50-55%

52
Q

Split lift increase

A

60-65%

53
Q

Slotted flap lift increase

A

65-70%

54
Q

Fowler flap lift increase

A

95%

55
Q

What flap gives the lowest drag possible

A

Slotted fowler

56
Q

Decide where is leading edge located

A

Mounted of front part of wing

57
Q

What is a flapperon

A

Combination of flap and aileron

58
Q

What happens if a flapperon deflects collectively

A

Acts as a flap

59
Q

What happens if a flapperon deflects deferentially

A

Acts as a aileron

60
Q

What does a mixer do

A

Combines separate inputs into a single set of control surfaces

61
Q

What does a spoiler do

A

Dump lift produced and increase drag

62
Q

What is a flight spoiler used as

A

In flight speed brake

63
Q

What’s a ground spoiler used for

A

Maximise wheel brake efficiency

64
Q

What’s the advantage of a roll spoiler

A

Aircraft can roll without a twisting force

65
Q

What type of aircraft are air brakes used on

A

High performer military and commercial aircraft

66
Q

When are air brakes used

A

High performer military and commercial aircraft

67
Q

What areas are speed brakes positioned in

A

Areas where structure can withstand heavy air loads

68
Q

How does speed brakes help with decent

A

Controls it without an increase in speed

69
Q

How many directions is span wise flow

A

2 , right angle to leading and follows leading edge

70
Q

What happens if the centre of pressure is forward of the centre of gravity

A

Nose up pitch movement

71
Q

What’s the purpose of a wing fence

A

Reduce the effects of spanwise flow and reduce wing tip stall on swept wing aircraft

72
Q

Where is a wing fence placed

A

Leading edge where it will limit boundary layer outflow

73
Q

What’s a saw tooth leading edge and what does it reduce

A

Extension of leading edge or zig zag cut out

It reduces wing tip stall on swept wings

74
Q

What is a vortex generator

A

Device to reenergise boundary layer

75
Q

How are vortex generators placed

A

Vertically on a surface of a large wing and it opposing pairs so the vortex’s mix

76
Q

What is a stall wedge/strip and what is it made of

A

Leading edge device that encourages root to stall first

Made of alluminaum with triangular cross section

77
Q

What is trimming

A

Adjusting aerodynamic forces on control surfaces so aircraft remains at set attitude with no control input

78
Q

When can fixed trim tab be adjusted

A

Only on ground

79
Q

What tab is not deflected in the opposite direction to the control surface

A

Anti balance

80
Q

Disadvantage of balance tab

A

Reduces efficient of control surface

81
Q

Disadvantage of anti balance tab

A

More effort is needed to deflect

M11 New (17 decks)

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