11.5 Flashcards by Jayden Mcneil

What are the 4 classes of instruments

Flight

Engine

Navigation

Other

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What are the 4 flight instruments

Altitude

Attitude

Airspeed

Direction of flight

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What are the 4 parts of the basic T

Left - ASI

Middle - ADI

right - altimeter

Bottom - HSI

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What is absolutel pressure

Compares atmospheric against zero

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What is gauge pressure

It is the most common and the difference between atmospherics pressure and pressure measured

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What is differential pressure

Comparison between two different pressures

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What is a bellow

Multiple diaphragm changes connected

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What material is the bourdon tube made of

Copper , brass or bronze

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What is a aneroid capsule

Membrane or pressure sensitive capsules used

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What happens in a aneroid capsule as atmospheric pressure changes

Higher atmospheric pressure will cause it to move more and vice versa

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What are the two parts of a pressure transducer and what are the advantages

Made of indicator and transmitter unit

Advantage as it can measure hazardous fluids and it’s measured at source

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What does a aneroid capsule transducer do

The capsules monitor two pressures

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What happens in an aneroid capsule transducer when p1 px is more than p2

The iron core makes s1 the predominant coil

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Two types of strain gauges

Foil and silicon

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What does a strain gauge do

Convert mechanical strains into electrical output

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What part measures total pressure

Pitot probe

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What part measures static pressure

Static ports

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What’s instruments use static pressure

Altimeter
ASI
VSI

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Where are static ports located

Foward aircraft fuselage or pitot tube

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What is static source error

Difference between measured and real static pressure

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Where are pitot tubes located

Forward part of fuselage

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What’s the function of a baffle in a pitot probe

Prevents water and foreign objects from entering the pitot pressure line

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What is qnh

Atmospheric pressure at sea level

Altimeter will read airfield height above sea level

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What is qfe

Atmospheric pressure at airfield level

Altimeter will read zero on take off or landing

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What is qne

Height

What would qnh be set at below a transition altitude

3000ft outside air lanes 4000-6000 ft in air lanes

What are 3 point altimeter functions

Long - one turn per 1000ft Short - one turn per 10000ft Triangular - one per 100000 ft

What does radio altimeter do

Measure the distance from aircraft above the ground rather then sea level

What happens to pressure as altitude increases

Decreases

When does a evacuated capsule expand

When static pressure decreases with a increase in altitude

How can you combat hysteresis error

Replacing mechanical linkage between capsules and pointer with an electrical servo mechanism

What does the vsi show

Rate of ascent or decent

What extra part does a instantaneous vertical speed indicator have

Extra opening to compensate for internet low operating force in standard vsi

What does altimeter measure

Barometric height

Two names temperature defined as

Static air Outside air temp

Number11

Stair air temp

Ram rise

Where are static ports

Foward fuselage Area of smooth airflow

Sse dependent on what 3 things

Shape of fuselage Airspeed Angle of attack

What condition influences measured static

Side slip

How do you compensate for side slip

Cross porting

What must be fittted on ground

Cover on probe

What tells the pilots the orientation relative to the earths rotation

Attitude indicator

What does a vertical gyro provide

Attitude indication for ADI

What does directional gyro do

Provides heading refrence signal for the hsi and radio magnetic indicators

What does gyro stability depend on

Mass Rotational speed Radius (distance between axis and centre of mass)

What dictates the degrees of freedom

The amount of gimbles

2 gimbles give how much degrees of freedom

What type of gyro do we need

Tied and earth

How many degrees of freedom does a rate gyro have and what does it

1 degree of freedom and it’s used for turn co-ordination where axis is horizontal

What is rigidity

Ability to maintain its axis while pointing in a fixed in a fixed direction in space

What is gyro precession

Putting a force on one axis will be felt on the other axis

What the two properties that a rotor relies on for angular momentum

Rigidity and precession

What’s spinning

Gyro on x axis (own)

What’s tilting

Gyro on y axis (Horizontal)

What’s veering

Gyro on z axis (vertical)

What are levelling switches

Electrolytic switches

Vertical gyro is used when we have what

Artificial horizon

Gyro spin speed

2200 rpm

When does a gyro wonder

Mechanical imbalances inside

When a gyro is tied down how often is it checked

Every hour to make sure it’s 15 degrees

With gyro precession what was will the gyro spin

The direction of rotation

How does a laser gyro work

2 light sources going round in opposite directions

Advantage of laser gyro

No moving parts Less maintenance

How many laser ring gyros

1 on each axis

How many accelerometers

Max gyro handing

20 minutes

Directional gyro also know as what

horizontal axis gyro

What’s on a hsi

Warning flags

What will be shown on ehsi

Weather radar

Turn and bank coordinators are powered by what

DC electrical system

Rate gyro degrees of freedom and how is it limited

1degrees & limited by a spring

True north vs magnetic north

Variation

Compass vs magnetic heading

Deviation

Hard iron magnetism

Caused by iron or parts in aircraft structure Hard to demagnetise , easy to magnetise

Soft iron magnetism

Only magnetised when the field is around it , once it’s gone it’s no longer magnetised

Expansion unit is used for what

Compensated for fluid expansion caused by temp change

Why do u need to use the correct type of lamp for a replacement

If you don’t could lead to compass deviation when you switch on the lights

Where is the flux valve located

Far away from the magnetic fields of the aircraft (wing tips , wing leading edge , vertical fin)

What does a flux valve do

Electrically transmits information to an aircraft’s compass system

How should stall warnings operate

5kts or 5% above stall speed

Where is the reed switch located

Behind the opening in the leading edge of the wing

How does the alpha vane prevent ice formation

Using an internal electrical heater

If no change happens after the stick shaker goes off what happens

The stick pusher is activated