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EPHE 444 > Aerobic Fitness > Flashcards

Aerobic Fitness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 assumptions of sub-maximal fitness tests?

A
  1. there is a linear relationship between VO2, PO and HR
  2. Participants reach steady state at each stage
  3. Max heart rate at a given age is uniform
  4. Everyone has the same mechanical efficiency
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2
Q

Predictive tests are most useful for which population?

A

General population ! Athletes/ fit people are very limited by the HR and mechanical assumptions….sub-max tests can grossly underpredict VO2 max

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3
Q

Which test is the best submax test?

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Tests that actually bring people up to a higher intensity are better predictors of VO2 max (ie- lower intensity tests are lower predictors of VO2)
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4
Q

on average people score 10%higher on the treadmill than the bike for VO2 max…why?

A
  1. More muscles used therefore higher O2 demand

2. People who are not used to biking may experience muscle fatigue

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5
Q

VO2

A

volume of oxygen consumed

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6
Q

VO2 abs vs relative

what would we expect if someone is sitting at rest?

A

abs: L/min relative: ml/kg/min

divide 3.5 to get METS

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7
Q

VCO2

A

volume of expired CO2

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8
Q

RER

at rest?
as intensity increases

A

VCO2/VO2
when >1 , more CO2 being blown off than oxygen consumed
0.7 at rest
RER increases as intensity increases

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9
Q

what is someone is set up and right off the bat their RER is 0.9-1-above?

Is this a cause for concern

A

If we assume machine is set up properly and they set up their machine better
- they are hyperventilating
nerves, etc
- should go up as soon as exercise starts (VO2 increases right away as intensity increases)

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10
Q

If you see a high RER chances are you’ll see a high ?

A

HR

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11
Q

Vt ?

A

Tidal volume= normal breathing (how much air per breath)

normal= 0.5L

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12
Q

Ve?

A

Ventilation = frequence of breath x amount of breath (L/min)

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13
Q

What do we really look at to make sure the cart is set up? what are the normal values?

A 
FeO2= fraction of O2 in expired gas = 16
FeCO2=  fraction of CO2 in expired gas= 4

is the persons nose plug on???

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14
Q

How long should Direct tests last?

A

8-12 minutes

if less– too hard
if more — to long (fatigue biochemistry starts to set in)

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15
Q

Stages are typically how long for direct tests?

A

1-3 minutes (gotta hit steady state)

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16
Q

What is the peak criteria for direct tests?

A
  1. HR fails to increase with increasing workload or is close to age predicted max
  2. Blood lactate is >8mmol/L
  3. RER >1.15
  4. Volitional Fatigue (RPE> 17 on borg scale)
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17
Q

What is max criteria for direct tests?

A

Same as peak, but also must attain a plateau: <2ml/kgmin VO2 change with increasing workload

18
Q

What percent of the population plateaus? Trained or untrained populations?

A

20%, mostly in trained because people are beasts and competitive

other people will get close to max and feel the volitional fatigue and quit

19
Q

How do we determine threshold?

A

Anarobic threshold– cannot directly measure, can determine based on

  1. blood lactate values (lactate threshold)
  2. Ventilatory threshold
  3. RER=1 …will only last around one or two stages after (use RER live in lab)
20
Q

How do you determine what % of VO2 max the threshold is at?

A

threshold value (RER=1)/ VO2max value X 100
60/73.9 =81%of VO2 max
Therefore his threshold is approx 81% of his VO2 max
Higher percent In trained people

21
Q

Aerobic power?

A

Direct measure test= measure of aerobic power because there is a unit of time associated with it
Measures the functional ability of the CV system: measures the rate of O2 consumption

22
Q

What is a measure of aerobic capacity?

A

Not direct measure !
You stay at a set workload and nothing changes and you just measure how long you can go for (takes forever)

how long your aerobic system can sustain you.

23
Q

What does aerobic fitness represent?

A

the ability to perform dynamic exercise involving lasrge muscle groups at moderate to high intensity for prolonged periods

24
Q

What is VO2 max? What does it depend on?

A

Maximal volume of O2 one can consume during exhaustive exercise
Depends on:
1. The transport of oxygen via the CV system to the working muscles
2. VO2= (HRxSV) x (a-vO2diff)
the ability of the muscles to delivery (Q) and to extract the oxygen (a-vO2 diff) at the muscle

25
Q

What is the difference between a direct and an indirect test? Can you have a direct test that is submaximal?

A

Direct test- measures the actual construct of interest (eg- hooked up to a metabolic cart…O2, VE, CO2)
Indirect- measures a construct known to be related to the actual construct of interest

YES

26
Q

What is the bruce treadmill protocol? Max? Metabolic cart?

A

is a max test that uses the metabolic cart.

Protocol:

  • 3-5 minute warm-up at the initial stage (speed 1.7, grade 10)
  • the grade increases 2% every 3 minutes, as well as the speed.
  • start the stopwatch as the person starts the initial stage because what you need to base the VO2 conversion off is the time (see formula sheet- the time needs to be in seconds so divide the minute value you got by 60)
  • stop time when the person gets off
  • record HR at last 30seconds of every grade
  • slow treadmill to 3mph and grade to 0%
  • 5 minute cool down period, until their HR goes down to 120bpm
27
Q

What is the modification for the bruce protocol?

What regression equation do we use for it?

A

for old or unfit people

  • they have a longer warm up time
  • we increase speed after the third stage
  • we increase grade 5% at min 3 and 6, then 2% every 2 minutes.

We use the ACSM walking equation to estimate relative VO2 max if using the modified procedure

28
Q

What steps do we take regulating submaximal models ?

A
  • record HR at the end of each minute

- person must acheive steady state HR (within 5bpm) over duration of a test/stage

29
Q

What are the two types of submax test models?

A
  • Single stage models : use one submax workload to predict VO2 max and are usually 4-6mins in duration
  • Multistage models: use two or more submaximal workloads and have 3 minute stages
30
Q

What is steady state HR?

A
  • HR within 5 bpm in 3 consec measurments
31
Q

How do you administer the mCAFT step test?

A
  • select stage based on age and gender
  • calculate 85% HR max in bpm
  • measure HR at the end of each 3 min stage
  • complete 3 min stages until 85% HR max is achieved
32
Q

What should we lookout for in the mCAFT? What level do we count for scoring?

A
  • no arm swinging and no talking to prevent fluctuations in HR
  • must complete full motion, shoulders under hips etc
  • we count the last full level they completed
33
Q

How to administer the Queen’s College Step Test:

A

3 minute test, stepping 16.25 inches at a rate of

  • 22 steps/minute for females
  • 24 steps/min for males
  • take HR at end of 3 minutes
34
Q

Astrand Submax Cycle test

A
  • Set bike up
  • Target HR is 120-170bpm at 50rpm
  • Set resistence to 0.04 x BW (nearest 1kp for men and 0.5kp for women)
  • Take HR at minute 2 and adjust if below 120 or above 160
  • record HR, rpm and workload at end of each minute
  • Determine average HR at minute 5 and 6 unless:
  • – there was an adj. at min 2, then min 7 and 8
  • ->not at steady state..continue!
35
Q

How do you do the ebbeling treadmill test?

A

-Calculate 50-70% of HRmax
-warm up 4 mins that elicits hr between 50-70%
(if HR not in zone extend by 1 min and adjust speed accordingly)
-after 4 minutes, increase to a 5% grade and walk for 4 more minutes.
-measure HR each minute (last 15 seconds)
-take av. of min 3 and 4 to determine SSHR
- cool down

36
Q

YMCA submax cycle test protocol?

A
  • Calibrate cycle ergometer and set seat height
  • pedal for 3 mins at 50rpms and 0.5kp
  • the heart rate at the end of the first workload determines subsequent workload increases
  • Continue workload until they are within 10bpm of 85% HRM
  • base increase on if they achieve steady state in each section
37
Q

What is relative VO2? Absolute VO2?

A

Relative: compares CR fitness regardless of body size (mL/kgmin)
Absolute: is directly related to body size (L/min)

38
Q

What is submax fitness end criteria?

A

Target HR/HR zone obtained
Cannot maintain cadence or workload
Client asks to stop
Signs of physiological stress

39
Q

Active recovery protocols for a submax test?

A
  • Low intensity aerobic cool down for 3 minutes, measure HR at the end of each minute
  • seat client and measure 1 and 3 minute HR and BP
40
Q

Maximal test recovery protocols?

A

Low intensity aerobic cool down for at least 5 minutes, measuring HR at the end of each minute
-must be supervised for 15 minutes upon completion of cool down

EPHE 444 (5 decks)

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