Aerobic cellular respiration Flashcards
what is the purpose of cellular respiration
to use energy stored as glucose to create ATP, cells require energy to survive
how does atp provide energy
energy stored in the bonds of glucpse needs to be transfered to ADP molecules so it can form ATP before it can be used by cells
what kind of reaction is cellular respiration
catabolic and exergonic, heat energy iis also realesed
how is glucose stored in plants
glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as starch (polysaccharide)
how is glucose stored in animals
glucose (monosaccaride) is stored as glycogen (polysaccaride)
before cellular respiration what occurs
the polysaccharides must be broken down into glucose by enzymes
ADP stands for
adenosine diphophate
How long does ATP stay as ATP
is a temporary molecule, so is believed to average 60 secs from its production until it realeases its energy for use by the cell
aerobic cellular respiration equation worded
glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxie + water + 30/32 ATP
structure of the mitochondria
small organelles found scattered around the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, has a smooth outer memebrane and highly folded inner memembrane (cristae) and the matrix, they contain their own dna in circular chromosomes (mrDNA)
cristae
the folds created by the inner membrane
matrix
the inner space of the inner membrane, it consists of protein rich fluid
mitochondria evidence of endosymbiotic theory
close to size of bacterium, replicattes via binary fission, is double memebrane bound
3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
where does glycolysis occur
in the cytosol
what occurs in glycolsis
one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, energy is realesed which is used to produce 2ATP from 2ADP + Pi, 2 hydrogens are also removed from the glucose, they are loaded to NAD to form 2 NADH
inputs glycolysis
glucose, 2NAD and 2ADP + Pi
outputs glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2NADH
krebs cycle is aka
citric acid cycle
when does the krebs cycle occur
if oxygen is avaliable, however doesn’t use oxygen ad a reactant
where does the krebs cycle occurq
in the matrix
what occurs between the krebs cycle and glycolysis
the pyruvates that were produced in glycolysis are transported into the mitochondria, these pyruvates undergo a reaction involving coenzyme a to form acetyl coenzyme a (Acetyl coA), as this occurs CO2 is realesed, acetyl coA then enters the krebs cycle
what occurs in the krebs cycle
the cycle uses H from the molecules in the krebs cycle to form NADH and FADH2, CO2 is realesed and the energy from breaking the bonds in the pyruvate and acetyl coA is used to bond adp + Pi to form 2 ATP
inputs of the krebs cycle
2 pyruvate, NAD, FAD, 2 ADP + Pi
outputs of the krebs cycle
6CO2, NADH, FADH2 and 2 ATP
where does the electron transport chain occur
in the cristae
what occurs in the electron transport chain
NADH and FADH2 are passed through the cristae through transmemebrane proteins, where the electrons from each hydrogen are removed, the electrons are then passed down a series of proteins in the cristae which realeses energy which is used to pump H+ ions outside the crystal memebrane, the H+ ions undergo facilitated diffusion back into the matrix through atp synthase which forms ATP, the H’s are accepted by oxygen, the hydrogen ions and the oxygen then join together to form H2O
the proteins that carry the electrons during the electron transport chain are
cytochromes
inputs of the electrin transport chain
6 oxygen, NADH, FADH2, 26 or 28 ADP + Pi
outputs of the electron transport chain
6H2O, NAD, FAD, 26 or 28 ATP
