Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 1

What are the majority of the energy available to ruminants

Answer 1

Volatile fatty acids

Question 2

What are the major players of the microbial ecosystem?

Answer 2

The criminal microbial ecosystem is comprised of bacteria along with archaea,bacteriophages ,protozoa , fungi and each contributes to the symbiotic relationship between the microbial ecosystem and the host of the animal that is essential for optimal animal health and efficient animal production

Question 3

Pyruvate is the end of glycolysis, what does it produce?

Answer 3

Lactate

Question 4

In the ruminant and VFA production, what produces the most energy?

Answer 4

Acetate produces the most energy

Question 5

Propionate only about 20% but it produces what but only once appropriate gets into the metabolism. It can be converted into what.

Answer 5

Glucose

Question 6

Glucose in the rumen is rapidly eaten by the microbes some important cells such as the brain only use glucose as an energy source so how does the ruminant get glucose when the microbes are eating?

Answer 6

They get some from the microbio efforts via the microbial excretions of propionate as it goes across the room and wall and ruminants can reconvert this back into glucose and it is released into the blood to run to the brain and the central nervous system

Question 7

There are two pathways for propionate production. What are they?

Answer 7

ACRYLATE pathway
Randomising or succinate pathway

Question 8

How do methanogens get energy?

Answer 8

Rely on interspecies hydrogen transfer

BIOFILM ecology is pivotal for interspecies hydrogen transfer

New interest in feeding methanogens electrons via electricity to produce biogas

Question 9

Briefly describe Rumen biofilms

Answer 9

Multi species layers build up over a new fermentation site, one layer can live off the products of the layer beneath (cross feeding)

Question 10

What is produced in anaerobic situations name all three things?

Answer 10

Lactic acid, ethanol, VFA regenerate in NAD plus

Question 11

In the rumen and what are the end products of fermentation?

Answer 11

Acetate, appropriate, butyrate, plus CO2 and cells)

Question 12

What is cross feeding?

Answer 12

Cross feeding is an important process where one microbes waste is another substrate

Question 13

Interspecies hydrogen transfer is a specific form of cross feeding The under pins what production?

Answer 13

Maytime production in the room where CO2 is the final electronic acceptor