Aeneid Book I.1–11 Flashcards
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun arma.
arma, armōrum, n.—implements of war, arms, weapons
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun vir.
vir, virī, m.—man
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb canō.
canō, canere, cecinī, cantum—sing
Translate: Arma virumque cano,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
I sing (of) weapons [arms] and the man,
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin pronoun quī.
quī, quae, quod—who, which, that
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective prīmus.
prīmus, prīma, prīmum—first
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin preposition ā, ab, abs.
ā, ab, abs—(+ ablative) from, away from, out of, by
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun ōra.
ōra, ōrae, f.—shore, border
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb veniō.
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum—come
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun lītus.
lītus, lītōris, n.—sea-shore, sea-side, beach
In line 2, -que connects
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Italiam (line 2) and litora (line 3)
These two words are both direct objects of the verb venit.
Translate: Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam…Laviniaque venit litora,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
who first from the shores of Troy came to Italy and the Lavinian coasts,
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun fātum.
fātum, fātī, n.—fate
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective profugus.
profugus, profuga, profugum—exiled
Translate: fato profugus,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
exiled by fate,
What is the meaning of Latin adverb multum?
much, very much, greatly
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin pronoun ille.
ille, illa, illud—that
What is the meaning of Latin conjunction et?
and (as the simplest connective of words or clauses); also, too, besides, moreover, likewise, as well, even
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun terra.
terra, terrae, f.—earth
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb iacto.
iactō, iactāre, iactāvī, iactātum—throw, cast, hurl
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun altum.
altum, altī, n.—deep sea
In line 3, alto is translated
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
sea
Contextually, the adjective means “sea” in this passage.
Translate: multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
much tossed [was] he, both on the lands and on the deep (sea)
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun vīs.
vīs, vis, f.—strength, force, vigor, power, energy, virtue
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun superī.
superī, superōrum, m.—those who are above, gods above
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective saevus.
saevus, saeva, saevum—raging, mad, furious, fell, fierce, savage, ferocious, cruel, violent, harsh, severe
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective memor.
memor, memoris—mindful, remembering, heedful
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin preposition ob.
ob—(+ accusative) on account of, for, because of, by reason of, for the sake of
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun īra.
īra, īrae, f.—anger, wrath, rage, ire, passion, indignation
A stylistic device found in line 4 (saevae…iram) is
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
transferred epithet
The adjective memorem modifies iram, but really should be taken with Junonis. She is mindful of the Judgement of Paris and of the cupbearer Ganymede.
Translate: vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
by the power of the gods above because of the unforgetting anger of cruel Juno;
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective multus.
multus, multa, multum—much, great, many
What is the meaning of Latin adverb quoque?
also, too
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun bellum.
bellum, bellī, n.—war
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb patior.
patior, patī, passus sum—bear, support, undergo, suffer, endure
The case and number of multa (line 5) are
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
accusative plural
The word is the direct object of passus.
Translate: multa quoque et bello passus,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
he also suffered much in war,
What is the meaning of Latin adverb dum?
while, a while, now, yet; so long as, provided that, if only; until, until that
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb condō.
condō, condere, condidī, conditum—put together, make by joining, found, establish, build, settle
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun urbs.
urbs, urbis, f.—walled town, city
In line 5, dum conderet is translated
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
until he might establish
With an imperfect subjunctive, this temporal clause implies intention or expectancy.
Translate: dum conderet urbem,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
until he could found [might establish] a city,
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb inferō.
inferō, inferre, intulī, inlātum—bring in, introduce, bring to, carry in
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun deus.
deus, deī, m.—god, deity
Translate: inferretque deos Latio,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
and bring his gods to Latium,
The metrical pattern of line 7 (Albanique . . . Romae) is
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Alba/nique pa/tres, at/qu- altae /moenia /Romae.
SDSSDS
There is an elision in the fourth foot.
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun genus.
genus, generis, n.—race, stock, family, birth, descent, origin, sort, kind
What is the meaning of the Latin adverb unde?
from which place, from where, whence
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun pater.
pater, patris, m.—father
What is the meaning of the Latin conjunction atque, ac?
and (like -que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike -que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated)
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective altus.
altus, alta, altum—high, lofty, elevated, great; deep, profound
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun moenia.
moenia, moenium, n.—defensive walls, ramparts, bulwarks, city walls
Translate: genus unde Latinum Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
from where [came] the Latin race, the Albian ancestors [fathers], and the walls of lofty Rome.
The Intent of lines 1-7 (Arma . . . Romae) for the poet is to
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
introduce the main character / outline the story
These lines introduce Aeneas, the hero of the story.
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin pronoun ego.
ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē—I, me
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun causa.
causa, causae, f.—cause, reason, motive, inducement, occasion, opportunity
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb memorō.
memorō, memorāre, memorāvī, memorātum—bring to remembrance, mention, recount, relate, speak of, say, tell
Translate: Musa, mihi causas memora,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Muse, recount to me the reasons,
The Muse is invoked in line 8 of this passage.
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun nūmen.
nūmen, nūminis, n.—nod; command, will, authority, divine will; divinity, deity
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb laedō.
laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum—hurt, wound, injure, damage
Translate: quo numine laeso,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
by what slighted divinity,
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin interrogative pronoun quis.
quis, quid—who, what
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb doleō.
doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum—feel pain, suffer, be in pain, ache
Translate: quidve dolens,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
or grieving for what [reason],
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun rēgīna.
rēgīna, rēgīnae, f.—queen
What is the meaning of the Latin adjective tot?
so many, such a number of
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb volvō.
volvō, volvere, volvī, volūtum—cause to revolve, roll, turn about, turn round
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun cāsus.
cāsus, cāsūs, m.—falling, falling down, fall; an adverse event, a misfortune, mishap, calamity
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb adeō.
adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum—go to, come to, come up to, approach, draw near
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun labor.
labor, labōris, m.—labor, toil, exertion
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin verb impellō.
impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsum—strike against, push, drive, smite, strike, reach; to set in motion, drive forward, move, urge on, impel, propel, wield
The subject of volvere (line 9) is
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
virum
In this object clause, virum is the subject of the verb volvere.
Translate: regina deum tot volvere casus…tot adire labores impulerit.
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
the queen of the gods [would] drive to endure so many misfortunes…to face so many hardships.
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective īnsīgnis.
īnsīgnis, īnsīgne—distinguished by a mark, remarkable, noted, eminent, distinguished, prominent, extraordinary
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun pietās.
pietās, pietātis, f.—dutiful conduct, sense of duty, religiousness, devotion, piety
Translate: insignem pietate virum,
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
the man distinguished by piety,
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective tantus.
tantus, tanta, tantum—of such size, of such a measure, so great, such
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin noun animus.
animus, animī, m.—soul, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind
Give the dictionary entry for the Latin adjective caelestis.
caelestis, caelestis—of heaven, from heaven, of the heavens, heavenly, celestial
In line 11, animis caelestibus is what case and use?
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
dative of possession
The sentence means, “Do divine spirits have such great anger?”
Translate: Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Do divine spirits have such great anger?
A characteristic of epic poetry highlighted in line 8 is
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Invocation of the Muse
In lines 8-11 (Musa . . . irae), the poet asks for an account of
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Aeneid, I.1−11
Juno’s motivations
The poet asks why Aeneas must endure so much at Juno’s hand.
