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Greece > Aegean Islands and Crete > Flashcards

Aegean Islands and Crete Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary sea of Greece?

A

Aegean

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2
Q

What % of Greek vineyards are in the Aegean?

A

over a fifth

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3
Q

What % of Greek vines comes from Crete?

A

11.9%

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4
Q

What are the four island groups of the Aegean?

A

Cyclades
Dodecanese
North Aegean
Sporades

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5
Q

Where are the Cyclades?

A

A cluster of islands located in the south Aegean southeast of mainland Greece.

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6
Q

What are the most important islands in the Cyclades?

A

Santorini
Paros

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7
Q

What is the Meltemi? What is its affect?

A

A wind that blows across the Cyclades.
-stalls photosynthesis that is essential to the extended growing season and preventing the fruit from getting too ripe
-Cyclades are some of the hottest and driest area of Greece

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8
Q

What is the most widespread red varietal in the Aegean?

A

Mandilaria

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9
Q

What are stéfani? What is the traditional term on the island?

A

The basket-training systems of Santorini
Kouloura
-for much of the growing season, morning fog and dew are the only sources of moisture - this training system helps to capture this
-This method of training also serves to protect both vines and fruit from the angry winds that regularly whip the island

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10
Q

What are the PDOs of the Aegean Islands?

A

N to S around to the east

Lemnos PDO
Muscat of Lemnos PDO
Samos PDO
Paros PDO
Malvasia Paros PDO
Santorini PDO
Rhodes PDO
Muscat of Rhodes PDO

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11
Q

Soils of Santorini

A

Volcanic
-the island erupted dramatically during the 17th century BCE and wiped out the Minoan civilzation

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12
Q

Who was sole commercial wine producer on Santorini since 1947 until the 1970s.

A

Santo

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13
Q

Who came along in Santorini in 1970s? Who followed in the 80s.

A

Argyros family in the 1970s
Boutari in the 1980s
-inaugural vintage in 1989

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14
Q

How did Boutari work to revitalize the local industry

A

picking earlier than was traditional and introducing technologies such as stainless steel and temperature control

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15
Q

What is Nykteri?

A

Dry white wine of Santorini, traditionally harvested at night to avoid hot temperatures and oxidation. Ironically, it’s an oxidative style of wine with a mandatory 3mos minimum aging in oak (may be under voile).

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16
Q

What is Vinsanto?

A

Traditional Sweet Wine of Santorini, produced from dried grapes (12-14 days). Must be aged on Thera or Thirasia.
Must weight: min. 370 g/l
2 years aging in oak.
Vin Santo VDN is also authorized, but not currently produced.

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17
Q

May vinsanto be released as a non-vintage wine?

A

Yes. Required to age in barrels for a minimum of 4 years, and the aging statement on the bottle must be a multiple of 4. (8, 12, 16, etc.).

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18
Q

What are the styles and authorized varieties on Santorini?

A

Styles:
Dry White Wine
Sweet Dried Grape Wine (Vinsanto / Liastos)
Fortified Dried Grape Wine (Vinsanto): This style is not currently produced in Santorini, but is legally allowed.

Authorized Varieties:
Dry Wines: Min. 85% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri and Aidani
Vinsanto: Min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri, Aidani

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19
Q

Who announced in 2018 that they establish an estate on Thirassia?

A

Biblia Chora

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20
Q

What is Mezza?

A

a red dessert wine from Santorini produced from air-dried Mandilaria grapes.

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21
Q

What are the PDO of Paros?

A

Paros and Malvasia of Paros.

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22
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Paros?

A

Dry White: 100% Monemvassia
Dry Red: co-fermentation of minimum 35% Mandilaria grape, and Monemvassia must

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23
Q

How does the climate of Paros compare to Santorini?

A

Paros is extremely hot and dry but less windy and more humid than Santorini.

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24
Q

What are the two island of production for Paros?

A

Paros

Antiparos

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25
Q

What is the only instance of a dry red PDO wine in Greece that allows the inclusion of a white grape.

A

Paros PDO

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26
Q

What are the styles, varieties and aging requirements of Malvasia Paros?

A

Vin Liastos, VDN
min. 85% Monemvassia plus Assyrtiko
2 years aging in oak in a oxidative environment (oak barrels)

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27
Q

What is the Minimum Residual Sugar for naturally sweet wine of Malvasia Paros?

A

Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 80 g/l

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28
Q

May Malvasia Paros be released as a non-vintage wine?

A

Wines which undergo the minimum 2 years of aging may use a vintage date. Wines may also be labeled with an average age given in 4 year increments, 4, 8, 12, 16 etc, which allows the blending of younger wines with older.

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29
Q

What is the largest island of the Dodecanese?

A

Rhodes

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30
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Rhodes?

A

White: minimum 70% Athiri
Red/Rose: minimum 70% Mandilaria
White:
Dry White/Lefkos Medium Dry (White)/Lefkos Semisweet (White)
Red:
Dry Red/Semi-Dry Red/Semisweet Red
Rosé:
Dry/Semi-Dry/Semisweet
Quality Sparkling White & Rosé (brut nature, extra brut, brut, extra sec, sec, demi sec, doux)

31
Q

Residual Sugar of Rhodes PDO

A

Dry: maximum 4 g/l
Medium Dry/Semi-Dry: 4.5 g/l - 17.5 g/l
Semisweet: 17.5 g/l - 45 g/l

32
Q

Climate of Rhodes?

A

hot and dry, with very mild winters. Though rainfall is scarce, Rhodes possesses a surprising amount of fresh water reserves, which can be used for irrigation.

33
Q

What is CAIR?

A

Main producer of Rhodes
-an unofficial cooperative that was founded in 1928 and established the island’s reputation for sparkling.

34
Q

What is Amorgiano?

A

Rhodes synonym for Mandilaria

35
Q

What is the Greek name for the archipelago of Santorini?

A

Théra

36
Q

What is Aspa?

A

The volcanic, slightly sulphuric soil of Santorini

37
Q

What grapes are generally used for younger, fresher styles of wine on Santorini?

A

Assyrtiko and Athiri

38
Q

What grapes are generally used for vinsanto?

A

Assyrtiko and Aidani

39
Q

What is the max yield for Muscat Grand Cru?

A

5.3 tons/ha (v. 12)

40
Q

What are the must weight levels for the Muscat appellations?

A

Sweet Wine: 300g/L (after drying)
VDN: 238g/L
VDN Grand Cru: 252g/L
VDL: 221g/L

41
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Muscat of Rhodes?

A

100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
Fortified Wines (VDN)
Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
Fortified Wine (VDL)

42
Q

Where are the North Aegean Islands located?

A

north of the Dodecanese and far enough east that, like many Greek islands, most sit closer to Turkey than to mainland Greece

43
Q

Climate of North Aegean Islands?

A

While summers are hot, dry, and windy, the winters are colder and more rain soaked here than in the rest of the Aegean, and the heat spikes are less extreme

44
Q

What two islands in the North Aegean Islands have PDOs?

A

Lemnos and Samos

45
Q

What is the PDO of Samos?

A

Samos PDO

46
Q

When was the United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos founded?

A

1934

47
Q

What % of the Samos islands vineyards are planted to Muscat Blanc?

A

95%

48
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Samos?

A

100% Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)
Natural Sweet Wine (VDN)
Natural Sweet Wine from Specified vineyards (VDN - Grand Cru)
Sweet Wine (VDL)
Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried aka Vin Liastos)

49
Q

What are the sweet wine PDO’s of the Aegean Islands?

A

Santorini Vinsanto
Samos
Muscat of Rhodes
Muscat of Lemnos
Malvasia Paros

50
Q

What is Samos Nectar?

A

A vin de paille style of Muscat, aged for three years before release.

51
Q

What is the United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos most important wine from a production standpoint?

A

entry-level Samos Vin Doux

52
Q

What are the United Winemaking Agricultural Cooperative of Samos three premium dessert wines?

A

Nectar:
-is made from dried grapes fermented without fortification (vin naturellement doux) and is aged in oak for six years (formerly three) before release

Anthemia:
spends a good amount of time in oak (generally five years), but is produced via the vin doux method, wherein the unfermented must is fortified.

Grand Cru:
-sourced from a select group of vineyards above 400 meters (1,310 feet) in elevation, and yields are kept quite low.
-Though sweet, this is generally the “driest” of the dessert wines, as it completes much of its fermentation prior to a light fortification (vin doux naturel).
-sees no oak so tends to be lighter and brighter in hue than the amber Nectar and Anthemia.

53
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Lemnos?

A

White: Moschato Alexandrias
Dry Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)
White
Dry/Semi-Dry/Semi-Sweet
Dry Red
Sun-Dried Wine (Liastos)
Fortified Wine (Vin de Liqueur from dried grapes)

54
Q

What are the styles and varieties of Muscat of Lemnos?

A

100% Moschato Alexandrias
Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried)
Fortified Wines (VDN)
Fortified Wine from Specific vineyards (VDN Grand Cru)
Fortified Wine (VDL)
2 years in barrel for VDN/VDL

55
Q

What are the PDO of Crete?

A

Sitia PDO
Peza PDO
Daphnes PDO
Archanes PDO
Candia PDO
Malvasia Candia PDO
Malvasia Sitia PDO

56
Q

Crete separates what 2 seas?

A

Aegean Sea
Lybian Sea

57
Q

What are the 3 highest peaks of Crete? What do they do for the climate?

A

Psiloritis, Lefka Ori, and Dikti
-help block the hot African winds that blow from the south, which gives the two halves of the island very different climates.

58
Q

Where is viticulture on Crete confined to?

A

confined to the more temperate north, with the best sites situated along the higher slopes

59
Q

What is the overall climate of Crete?

A

hot and dry

60
Q

What are the four districts of Crete West to East?

A

Hania, Rethymno, Iraklio, and Lasithi

61
Q

What are the most important districts for viticulture in Crete?

A

Hania and Iraklio
-Iraklio is the leader both in terms of commerce and viticulture and contains five of Crete’s seven PDOs.

62
Q

What three PDO zones debuted in 2011?

A

Candia
Malvasia Candia
Malvasia Sitia - est 1971 (last updated 2011)

63
Q

What is the most planted white grape on Crete? What grape is challenging it in popularity with high-quality producers?

A

Vilana
Vidiano (higher acidity, more character)

64
Q

What are the styles and varietals of Sitia?

A

Dry White, Dry Red
Red VDL, Red VDN, Vin Liastos
White: min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri
Red: min. 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria
Vin Liastos is 100% Liatiko

65
Q

What are the styles and varietals of Peza?

A

Dry Red and White
White: 100% Vilana
Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

66
Q

What are the styles and varietals of Dafnes?

A

Red only
Dry, VDL, VDN/Grand Cru, Vin Liastos
100% Liatiko

67
Q

What are the styles and varietals of Archanes?

A

Dry Red
Kotsifali and Mandilaria (Mandilari)

68
Q

What are the styles and varietals of Candia?

A

Dry red and white
White: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (vinified white), Athiri, (blended in any percentage), maximum 15% combined: Muscat Spinas and Malvasia di Candia
Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

69
Q

What are the styles, varietals, and aging requirements of Malvasia Candia?

A

Vin Liastos, VDN
Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (vinified as a white wine), plus a combined max. 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatico and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
2 years aging in oak

70
Q

What is the minimum must weight and RS for Malvasia Candia, Sitia, and Paros Vin Liastos?

A

320g/L
80g/L

71
Q

What are the styles, varietals, and aging requirements of Malvasia Sitia?

A

Vin Liastos, VDN
Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, plus max 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatico and/or Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
2 years aging in oak

72
Q

Which PDO’s of Crete are red only?

A

Dafnes
Archanes

73
Q

What grape is an increasingly popular blending partner with Kotsifali?

A

Syrah (replacing Mandilaria)

74
Q

Minimum must of of Vinsanto in Santorini.

A

260 g/l prior to drying; 370 g/l after drying

Greece (9 decks)

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