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CPL Aerodynamics > ADY -Straight and Level Flight, Pilot Technique > Flashcards

ADY -Straight and Level Flight, Pilot Technique Flashcards

1
Q

Remember that lift varies with the square of the velocity so

2 x the velocity = …..

3 x the velocity = …..

10 x the velocity = …..

A

4 x the lift

3 x the lift

100 x the lift

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1
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

p = …..?

A

Air Density

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2
Q

Double slotted fowler flaps have 3 main points, name them …..

A
  1. Excellent for lift production
  2. Used on heavy aircraft
  3. Further extends the effects of the fowler flap
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3
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

What is Cl?

A

AoA

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3
Q

Split flaps have 2 main points, name them …..

A
  1. High drag
  2. More useful to control airspeed than for the production of lift
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4
Q

Aircraft with high wing loading can achieve low speeds with …..

A

the use of sophisticated slotted flaps and slats

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5
Q

Flaps are never/always used to fly for range or improve the gliding distance?

A

Never

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5
Q

Flying for Max Range

  • No wind -
  • Head wind -
  • Tail wind -
  • Height -
  • Increased weight -
A
  • No wind - fly @ min total drag
  • Head wind - Fly faster than min drag speed
  • Tail wind - fly slower than the min drag speed to maximise the tail wind
  • Height - Full Throttle Height (theoretical)
  • Increased weight - Fly @ speed for min drag
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6
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

How does the pilot control: 1/2pV2S

A

With the throttle since this represents the mass of air striking the aeroplane

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7
Q

Wing Loading

Small wings + high weight =

A

High wing loading

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8
Q

Slats can do 3-main things, name them …..

A
  1. Can increase max Cl by up to 60%
  2. Allow operations beyond the normal stalling AoA
  3. Have no real effect until high AoA’s are achieved
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9
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

What is S?

A

S = Max “Plan Area” of the wing

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11
Q

Wing Fences do 2-main things, name them …..

A
  1. Straighten the spanwise airflow near the wing tip
  2. Improve performance and allow slower approach speeds
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11
Q

Total drag v’s speed

If a headwind exists, the max distance per litre of fuel consumed in level flight would be achieved by flying at …..

A

a speed greater than min drag

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13
Q

The lift/drag ratio will always be ….. by flap extension

A

Spoilt

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14
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

What is 1/2pV2S

A

It is the Kinteic Energy formula for a unit volume of air

Remember that Kinetic Energy = 1/2MV2

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14
Q

Remember that min drag always occurs at a higher/lower speed than min power

A

Always higher

15
Q

Total drag v’s speed

Weight: To use the least amount of fuel in a given distance for nil wind conditions, the aircraft must be flown at …..

A

at the best lift/drag ratio for any weight

Weight does not matter

16
Q

To achieve maximum range when a head or tail wind exists, the correct speed to use is …..

A

Higher than the best lift/drag ratio in a headwind and lower in a tail wind

16
Q

If an aircraft is maintaining level flight at a speed that produces max endurance and the speed is reduced what will happen to the power ….

A

more power will be required as the speed is reduced

18
Q

Explain how a Vortex Generator works …..

A

It works by lifting the straighting air away from the surface and re-energising the boundary layer

19
Q

Ignoring all other considerations the theoretical height to fly at in a piston engined aeroplane to achieve max range is:

A

Full throttle height

20
Q

Devices such as slats, slotted flaps, and vortex generators act to modify the behaviour of the ….

A

boundary layer

22
Q

Wing Loading:

Big wings + low weight =

A

Low wing loading

23
Q

Fowler Flaps have 2 main points, name them ….

A
  1. Very good lift production
  2. The slot adds extra energy to the seriously retarded airflow on the surface
24
Q

1/2pV2 is most closely associated with

A

IAS

25
Q

The speed for max range will be higher/lower than the speed for max endurance

A

Always higher

26
Q

An aircraft is in straight and level flight at constant power. As weight reduces with fuel burn off, level flight may be maintained by …..

A

increasing the airspeed and lowering the nose.

As fuel is burnt off weight is reduced, the nose needs to be lowered to allow lift to remain equal to the reducing weight. This means a reduction in drag, therfore more speed for the same power.

27
Q

Flying for Endurance:

  • Power -
  • Wind -
  • Speed -
  • Height -
  • Holding Rate -
A
  • Power - Min power = min RPM
  • Wind - has NO effect
  • Speed - Fly @ speed for min power for any weight in any wind conditions
  • Height - Fly as low as possible
  • Holding Rate - Best settings with low FF providing good control effectiveness
28
Q

Describe “flying at min total drag speed” 5 different ways:

A
  1. Fly @ most efficient AoA
  2. Fly @ best lift/drag ratio
  3. Fly @ best glide speed
  4. Fly @ min thrust
  5. Fly @ speed for best air nm
30
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

V = …..?

A

Velocity

31
Q

Lift/Drag Ratio

When flap is lowerd what happens to both the lift and drag …..

A

Both lift and drag increase

32
Q

Range & Endurance

Compared with nil wind conditions a headwind component during cruise will result in ….

A

a reduction in range but no change in endurance

32
Q

Thrust v’s speed graph:

For an aircraft to achieve maximum endurance in level flight it must be flown at which speed ….

A

is slower than the bottom of this curve. Since the bottom of this curve represents min drag speed and the speed for min power is always less the speed to fly will be less than the point that represents speed S

33
Q

Lift = Cl1/2pV2S

How does the pilot use the controls to manipulate Cl?

A

With the Elevators

35
Q

For 2 aircraft identical in every respect except for gross weight: To achieve max range in nil wind conditions both:

A

should find at the same AoA

Since the heavier one needs to fly faster to maintain the AoA its speed would be greater

37
Q

An aircraft of a certain weight is flown at 150kts IAS at 1000ft. If the same aircraft was flown at 150kts IAS at 20,000ft, the AoA required to maintain level flight would be …..

A

The same

38
Q

For an aircraft at a particular gross weight, to maintain level flight at a particular height and IAS, a particular power setting is required. If gross weight is increased what happens to the AoA and the power setting …..

A

If weight is increased, drag will increase so a higher IAS will be required so a larger AoA and more power will be required.

39
Q

High wing loading is ideal for …..

A

Aircraft where high speed is involved

40
Q

Plain flaps have 3 main points, name them …..

A
  1. increase camber
  2. Small extensions are useful for lift
  3. High drag when fully extended

CPL Aerodynamics (5 decks)

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