ADY - Climbing, Descending and Turning Flashcards
A climb is made possible by the surplus ….. remaining after drag has been accounted for
thrust
Forces in a climb
In a climb thrust must equal ……
drag and the drag component of weight
Forces in a climb
In a climb lift is ….. than weight as it is the excess ….. that allows the climb not the extra ……
less, thrust, lift
remember the example of a vertical climb - there is no lift component there only a thrust one!
there are 2 components to a climb name them …..
- Vertical motion = Rate of climb
- Horizontal motion = Ground speed
Vy = max surplus …..
power
Vy considers the height gained in a given …..
time
Vy is achieved by climbing the aircraft at the IAS that …..
provides max continious surplus power
Vy climb speed should be …..
that which provides the max surplus power over and above what is required to maintain level flight
What happens to Vy as height is increased …..
The surplus power and therefore Vy reduce with altitude because of the lower air density
As hight is increased the speed at which Vy occurs is …..
different - because of the air density
The absolute ceiling is where …..
there is no more surplus power to continue a climb
Air density in a climb has 2 effects, name them …..
Because the air density in a climb is constantly reducing
- The rate of climb is constantly reducing
- The TAS in a climb is constantly increasing
Vx = max surplus …..
thrust
how does wind affect Vy
the wind has no effect on max surplus power therfore no effect on rate of climb
How does a headwing affect Vx …..
- It will increase the angle of climb
- It will reduce the distance covered across the ground
How does a tail wind affect Vx …..
- It will increase the distance covered across the ground
- It will reduce the angle of climb
Vx considers the height covered in a given ….. and Vy considers the height gained in a given …..
Vx = time, Vy = distance
Vx and Vy occur at ….. speeds
different
Describe ground effect …..
The behaviour of the local airflow is modified by viscosity effects which prodces a modification in pressure distribution across the aerofoil surface.
Ground Effect - on take off:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Nose pitches up
- Increase in longitudinal stability
- IAS and altimetre over-read
- Induced drag increases significantly once the wing leaves the ground effect
Ground Effect - On landing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Nose pitches down
- Increased longitudinal stability
- IAS and altimetre indications decrease (under-read)
- Induced drag decreases by up to 40% for the same AoA out of ground effect
In ground effect the lift/drag ratio is ….. for any given AoA
increased
Forces in a decent:
Lift ….. weight
Thrust ….. drag
Lift < weight
Thrust < drag
An aircraft in a straight decent at a constant IAS is considered to be in a state of …..
equilibrium