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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Adverse Effects/Toxicities > Flashcards

Adverse Effects/Toxicities Flashcards

1
Q

1st gen H1 antagonists

A

↓Cognitive psychomotor performance, ↑sedation, ↑appetite, dry mouth, urinary retention, sinus tachy

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2
Q

Toxicity of 1st gen H1 antagonists

A

Respiratory depression

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3
Q

Toxicity of Diphenhydramine

A

euphoria

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4
Q

Synthetic corticosteroids SE

A

Increased suceptibility to infection (reactivation of latent TB)
Growth suppression in children
Osteoporosis

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5
Q

Synthetic corticosteroids toxcitiy

A

Abrupt withdrawal: acute adrenal insufficiency (fever, myalgias, malaise)
High doses for long time: Cushings

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6
Q

Methylprednisone

A

skin thinning, bone resportion and growth retardation

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7
Q

Fluticasone

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia-prevent with gargle and spit

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8
Q

Fluticasone toxicity

A

High dose ICS/systemic can cause skin thinning, bone resportion and growth retardation

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9
Q

Albuterol (SABA)

A

muscle tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (uncommon)

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10
Q

Salmeterol (LABA)

A

muscle tremor, tachycardia, hypokalemia (uncommon)

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11
Q

Ipratropropium Bromide

A

Few systemic SE bc poorly absorbed

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12
Q

Tiotropium

A

Few systemic SE bc poorly absorbed

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13
Q

Theophylline

A

Cardiovascular effects, CNS stimulation, GI effects (like caffeine)

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14
Q

Montelukast

A

Hepatic dysfunction

Neuropsych events

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15
Q

Omalizumab

A

Few SE

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16
Q

What asthma medications do you have to monitor plasma levels for?

A

Omalizumab and Theophylline

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17
Q

Phentolamine

A

postural hypotension, BAD reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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18
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

postural hypotension, worse reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

Prazosin

A

postural hypotension, reflex tachy, nasal stuffiness, sexual dysfunction

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20
Q

Pindolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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21
Q

Acebutolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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22
Q

Propanolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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23
Q

Timolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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24
Q

Atenolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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25
Q

Esmolol

A

bronchoconstriction
↓hypoglycemia recovery
↑plasma concentrations of TG

↓CO, heart block, bradycardia
Depression, lethargy

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26
Q

Labetalol

A

bronchoconstriction

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27
Q

Carvedilol

A

bronchoconstriction

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28
Q

Clonidine

A

Must withdrawal gradually because of HTN crisis with rapid wirhdrawal

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29
Q

α-methyldopa

A

Produces ⊕coombs test because auto Ab against Rh Ag

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30
Q

α2 agonist

A

dry mouth

sedating

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31
Q

Atrovastatin

A 
Hepatic toxicity
Myopathy/myalgia
↑DM risk
Cognitive effects
MANY drug interactions
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32
Q

Pravastatin

A 
Hepatic toxicity
Myopathy/myalgia
↑DM risk
Renal impairment
NO P450 drug interactions
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33
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Well tolerated

34
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Well tolerated aside from GI adverse effects

Can bind to other drugs so ↓efficacy of other drugs

35
Q

Niacin (vit B3)

A

Cutaneous flushing (vasodilation so use Aspirin to counteract)

Hepatotoxicity

GI discomfort (bc high doses)

Can effect statin levels

36
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

myopathy (↑risk if taken w/ statin)
GI discomfort
Gallstones

37
Q

Evolocumab

A

nasopharyngitis

38
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Dizziness, weakness, HA

39
Q

Verapamil

A

cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF

40
Q

Diltazem

A

cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF

41
Q

Nifedipine

A

Risk of ↑HR and contractility

↑Risk MI

cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF

42
Q

Nimodipine

A

Risk of ↑HR and contractility

↑Risk MI

cardiac depression, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, constipation, AV block & CHF

43
Q

Propanolol

A

Erectile dysfunction, depression and insomnia

44
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

sexual impotence,
↑ loss of K→ risk of arrhythmias and fibrillation
↑urination

45
Q

Captopril

A

severe dry cough (due to build up of bradykinin)

↓GFR and possibly renal failure in pts w/ bilateral RAS

Cardioedema

46
Q

Losartan

A

↓GFR and possibly renal failure in pts w/ bilateral RAS

47
Q

Hydralazine

A

↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention

48
Q

Minoxidil

A

↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention

49
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside

A

↑HR, contractility, plasma renin, fluid retention

50
Q

Prazosin

A

Precipitous ↓ BP on dirst dose

↑Na and water retnetion

51
Q

Guanethidine

A

Postural HTN
Sexual dysfunction (retrograde ejaculation)
Diarrhea

52
Q

Reserpine

A

Sedation
Inability to concentrate
Depression

53
Q

Methyldopa

A 
immunological abnotmalities
Dizziness
Reduced Libido
Sedation
Depression
Sudden discontinuation →withdrawal syndrome (BP above what started)
54
Q

Clonidine

A 
Dizziness
Reduced Libido
Sedation
Depression
Sudden discontinuation →withdrawal syndrome (BP above what started)
55
Q

What drugs produce long QT and out at risk for torsades de pointes?

A

Quinidine
Procinamide
Amiodarone
Sotalol

56
Q

Flecainide

A

Ataxia

57
Q

Quinidine

A

Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes

Lupus like syndrome

58
Q

Procainamide

A

Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes

Lupus like syndrome

59
Q

Disopyramide

A

Long QT syndrome →Torsades de Pointes

Lupus like syndrome

60
Q

Amiodarone

A

Long QT
Torsades de pointes

Pulm fibrosis in 1% pts(can be fatal)

BITCH (Bradycardia, blue man, intersisital lung disease, corneal/cutaneou skin, hepatic, hypotension)

61
Q

Sotalol

A

Long QT

Torsades de Pointes

62
Q

Dronedarone

A

Long QT

Torsades de Pointes

63
Q

Digoxin

A

Severe bradycardia

64
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Well tolerated

Kidney stones

Hyperchloremia

Academia

65
Q

Mannitol

A

Acute phase: hyponatremia (draw in fluid)

Later: hypernatremia (lose more water than salt) & hyperkalemia

66
Q

Furosemide

A

Mess up your ions

Hypokalemia (arrhythmias)

Hypotension (elderly prone to falling)

Ototoxicity

Hyperuricemia (↑risk gout)

67
Q

Ethacrynic Acid

A

Mess up your ions

Hypokalemia (arrhythmias)

Hypotension (elderly prone to falling)

Ototoxicity

Hyperuricemia (↑risk gout)

68
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Hypokalemia (add ACEI to help stabilize)

Hypotension
Hypovolemia

Hyperglycemia & hyperlipidemia

↑uric acid in blood

69
Q

Amiloride

A

Hyperkalemia

70
Q

Spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia

Gynecomastia

71
Q

Eplerenone

A

Hyperkalemia

↓ risk of gyneocomastia than spirolactone

72
Q

Tolvaptan

A

Hypernatremia

73
Q

ACE-I

A

Cough due to bradykinins
angioedema
hyperkalemia
More renal impairment, hyperkalemia and cough than ARNI

74
Q

AT II RBs (ARBs)

A

angioedema

NO COUGH &less SE than ACE-I

75
Q

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

A

Cough due to bradykinins
More hypotension
More angioedema than ACEI
Less renal impariment, hyperkalemia & cough than ACEI

76
Q

Carvedilol

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm

77
Q

Ivabradine

A

A fib
Bradyarrhythmia
Bright flashes in eyes (transient)

78
Q

Isosorbide

A

Hypotension

HA

79
Q

Dinitrate/hydralazine

A

↓ BP → can cause angina
Edema
Palpitations
tachycardia

80
Q

digoxin

A

automaticity
↑arrhythmia risk

Too much → hyperkalemia (sign of toxicity)

Pharmacology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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