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Patient Care > Adverse Effects of Antibiotics > Flashcards

Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

ADRs of Nafcillin?

A 
neurotoxicity
bone marrow suppression
neutropenia
agranulocytosis
C. diff
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2
Q

drugs that cause C. diff

A 
Nafcillin
Zosyn
Azobactam 
Daptomycin
Clindamycin
FQs
Doxycycline
Tygacycline
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3
Q

ADRs of Unasyn?

A

seizures at high doses
hepatic dysfunction
rash

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4
Q

all ß-lactams have the potential for this ADR:

A

hypersensitivity reaction/anaphylaxis (allergy)

therefore, monitor for signs of anaphylaxis with the first dose for all ß-lactams

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5
Q

Most injectables have this ADR:

A

local pain at site of injection

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6
Q

Most antibiotics in general have this ADR:

A

GI upset

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7
Q

Antibiotics that interact with warfarin:

A 
Unasyn
Zosyn
all cephalosporins
azactam
Flagyl
Bactrim
Rifampin
Doxycycline
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8
Q

ADRS of Zosyn

A 
FATAL hypersensitivity
SJS
TEN
C. diff
electrolyte abnormalities (Na, K)
Hematologic effects
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9
Q

ADRS of Keflex and Ancef

A

SJS
TEN
increased seizure risk
thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

Antibiotics that interact with phenytoin:

A

Ancef
Flagyl
Bactrim
Rifampin

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11
Q

ADRs of Cefuroxime?

A

same as ß-lactams in general:

anaphylaxis; GI upset

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12
Q

Ceftin can increase the levels of _________ and __________.

A

Aminoglycosides and warfarin

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13
Q

Keflex may increase the levels of _________ and __________.

A

Metformin and warfarin

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14
Q

Separate these antibiotics from antacids/H2RAs

A

Ceftin

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15
Q

ADRS of Rocephin?

A

skin tightness, induration (skin hardening) at injection site
hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

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16
Q

ADRs of 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A

thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

Which antibiotic can cause hyperbilirubinemia in neonates?

A

Rocephin

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18
Q

3rd gen cephs may increase the levels of _________ and __________.

A

AGs and warfarin (minor)

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19
Q

Separate Rocephin from _________.

A

calcium supplements

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20
Q

Cefepime can increase the levels of ________ and ________.

A

Aminoglycosides and warfarin

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21
Q

ADRs of Telflaro?

A

hemolytic anemia

22
Q

probenecid may increase the concentrations of ______

A

cephalosporins and penicillins

23
Q

What antibiotics may cause a false positive direct Coombs test?

A

cefepime; meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin

24
Q

major ADR of carbapenema?

A

SEIZURES

25
Q

what are some ADRs of imipenem/cilastatin?

A

increased serum AST and ALT
decreased Hct and Hgb
eosinophilia

26
Q

Imipenem is __________, so it must always be given with cilastatin.

A

nephrotoxic

27
Q

Carbapems can decrease the serum concentration of _________.

A

valproic acid

28
Q

ADRs of Azobactam:

A
  • Common: neutropenia, increased serum transaminases, pain at injection site, fever
  • Life-threatening: TEN, anaphylactic reaction, C. diff
29
Q

Azobactam is very similar to what other antibiotic?

A

ceftazidime (same spectrum, same side chain, same allergy)

30
Q

ADRs of vancomycin?

A

· IV: hypotension & flushing, erythematous rash on face and upper boy (red man syndrome)
· Oral: abdominal pain, bad taste, nausea
· Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neutropenia, extravasation

31
Q

ADRs of televancin?

A 
· CNS: insomnia, psychiatric disturbance,  HA
· GI: metallic taste, nausea, vomiting
· Genitourinary: proteinuria
· Renal: ↑ serum creatinine
· Nephrotoxicity (more so than vanc)
· Red man syndrome
· FOAMY urine
32
Q

major drug interaction with televancin?

A

QT PROLONGATING AGENTS

33
Q

name some drugs that are HIGH risk QT prolonging agents that may interact with televancin.

A 
§ Quinidine
§ Sotolol
§ Methadone
§ Lithium
§ Thorazine
§ Ziprasidone
§ Chlorpromazine
34
Q

name some drugs that are MODERATE risk QT prolonging agents that may interact with televancin.

A

amiodarone
cipro
haldol

35
Q

name some drugs that are indeterminate risk QT prolonging agents that may interact with televancin.

A

benadryl
Zofran
fluconazole

36
Q

What agents interact with the typhoid vaccine?

A

vanc and televancin

37
Q

ADRs of daptomycin:

A 
· N/V/D/C
· Anemia
· Eosinophilic pneumonia
· Hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis
· MYOPATHY (rhabdo)
· Peripheral neuropathy
· C. diff
· Drug fever
38
Q

What antibiotic should you NOT give to treat pneumonia or other URTI’s because the surfactant in the lungs binds to it and makes it ineffective?

A

daptomycin

39
Q

ADRs of clindamycin

A

diarrhea, rash, SJS, C. diff

40
Q

ADRs of linezolid

after 2 weeks of therapy?

after prolonged therapy?

A

myelosuppression—most commonly thrombocytopenia (tends to occur after 2 or more weeks of therapy and warrants monitoring);

peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis can occur after prolonged therapy (months) because of toxicity to mitochondria

41
Q

major drug interaction with linezolid

A

SEROTONIN SYNDROME

42
Q

ADRs of azithromycin?

A

QT prolongation

43
Q

ADRs of flagyl?

A

· Systemic: HA, N, vaginitis, peripheral neuropathy
· Topical: candida overgrowth & candidiasis, vaginal discharge
· QT prolongation

44
Q

Common ADRs of Bactrim:

A

· Common: RASH & urticaria (from hypersensitivity), HA, GI upset, swollen tongue, insomnia, dizziness, photosensitivity, fatigue

45
Q

Life-threatening ADRs of Bactrim:

A 
· Life-threatening:
o SJ syndrome
o TEN
o Fulminant hepatic necrosis
o Agranulocytosis
o Aplastic anemia
o Blood dyscrasias
o Anaphylaxis
o Renal failure (crystalluria or AIN)
       -- Can occur in any patient taking Bactrim + dehydration
46
Q

Life-threatening ADRs of FQs:

A

Life-threatening:
o Bone marrow depression
o Pancytopenia
o QT prolongation/arrhythmias o Hepatic failure

47
Q

Common ADRs of FQs

A

tendonitis
dysgycemias
QT prolongation

48
Q

Common ADRs of rifampin?

A 
Increased LFTs
Discolored bodily fluids (red/orange)
dizziness
fatigue
flatulence
HA
lack of appetite
49
Q

Doxycycline ADRs

A

GI (nausea & esophageal irritation)
photosensitivity
discoloration of developing teeth in children
C. diff

50
Q

Tygacycline ADRS

A 
DEATH
GI upset
allergic rxn
C. diff
permanent discoloration of teeth (if used in
51
Q

ADRs of Gentamicin:

A 
· Nephrotoxicity
· Ototoxicity
· injection site reaction
· neuromuscular blockade can cause therapeutic paralysis (most often in pts with underlying neuromuscular
disorder or paralyzed in ICU)
· hypersensitivity

Patient Care (5 decks)

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