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Pharm II Exam 3 > Adverse Effects > Flashcards

Adverse Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)

A

hypotension, mild penile pain, occasional priapism

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2
Q

Sildenafil

Viagra

A

Hypotension, HA, flushing, indigestion

Visual disturbances (color and light sensitivity)

Acute hearing loss

Serious effects: sudden hearing loss and vision loss

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3
Q

Calcium

A

Constipation

Urolithiasis

Prostate ca

GI upset

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4
Q

Calcium Gluconate (IV)

A

May cause V fib

Constipation

Urolithiasis

Prostate ca

GI upset

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5
Q

Vitamin D

A

Hyper- vitaminosis D

Hypercalcemia

Hypo- phosphatemia

Hypercalciuria

GI hemorrhage

MC
Angioedema
Abnormal lipids, GI upset, edema, HA

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6
Q

Teriparatide

hPTH 1-34

A

Angina

Hypotension, rash, swelling, hyperuricemia, GI upset, asthenia, dizziness, cough, rhinitis

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7
Q

hPTH 1-84

not in US

A

Hypercalcemia

Paresthesias

N/D

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8
Q

Calcimimetic

A

Cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, seizure, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, bone fractures

Paresthesia, GI upset, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, headache, depression, dehydration, fatigue

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9
Q

Raloxifen

A

Retinal vascular occlusion, venous thrombo-eomblolism

Hot flashes

Leg cramps

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10
Q

Biphosphonates

A

Initial flu-like illness

GI upset (20% of patients)

Arthralia, myalgia

Jaw osteonecrosis primarily in ca pts (rare)

Atypical femur fx (rare)

Esophageal ulcer (except IV Zoledronate)
Nephrotoxicity
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11
Q

Denosumab

A

Endocarditis

Cellulitis

Electrolyte imbalance

Pancreatitis,

Hyper- sensitivity rxn

Jaw osteonecrosis in ca patients (rare)

Atypical femur fracture (rare)

GI upset, asthenia, URI, dyspnea, fatigue

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12
Q

Salmon Calcitonin

A

Hypocalcemia, hypersensitivity rxn, seizure, ca

Flushing, nausea

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13
Q

Cortisol/Glucocorticoids

A

Infections, impaired wound healing

Hyperglycemia

HTN

Depression

Osteoporosis

Growth suppression in children

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14
Q

Azathioprine

A

Myelosuppression

GI tox
Alopecia
Hepatotox
Pancreatitis

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15
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A

Diarrhea, vomiting

Leukopenia

Congenital abnormalities

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16
Q

Calcineurin Inhibitor

A

Renal dysfunction (common, dose-limiting)

HTN (can treat w/ CCB, diuretica, β- blockers or ACE-I but NO ACE-I if also on azathioprine due to myelosuppression)

Diabetagenic

↑ incidence of infections and malignancies (BCC & SCC)

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17
Q

Sirolimus

A

Hyperlipidemia

Myelosuppression

HTN

Lymphocoele

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18
Q

Abatacept

A

Test for latent TB (but no clear association with activation of latent TB)

↑ opportunistic infection

↑ incidence of lung cancer and lymphomas

19
Q

Adalimumab

Humira

A

Activation of latent TB (test for latent TB)

↑ opportunistic infections

Reports of lymphomas – cause and effect?

Associated with BCC and SCC

Rare- onset of lupus like sx

20
Q

Etanercept

Enbrel

A

Activation of latent TB (test for latent TB)

↑ opportunistic infections

Reports of lymphomas – cause and effect unk

Can ↑ ANA

21
Q

Infliximab

Remicade

A

Activation of latent TB (test for latent TB)

↑ opportunistic infections

Reports of lymphomas

N/V

22
Q

Rituximab

A

↑ opportunistic infections (bacterial and fungal)

↑ increased viral infections (Hep B reactivation)

Appears NOT to be associated with TB reactivation

Infusion rxns – treat with corticosteroids or diphenhydramine

Cardiac events

23
Q

Tocilizumab

A

Activation of latent TB (test for latent TB prior to therapy)

↑ opportunistic infections

GI perforation

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

24
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Metabolite acrolein → Hemorrhagic cystitis →
prevent with MESNA* (to neutralize acrolein at acidic pH in urine)

Allopecia, N/V

25
Q

Cisplatin

A

Ototoxic w/ tinnitus and hearing loss

26
Q

Methotrexate

A

Severe GI disturbances

Leucovorin (folinic acid) used to rescue nrml cells from tox

27
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A

Diarrhea, N/V, neurotox

28
Q

6-Mercaptopurine

A

Drug interaction
between 6-MP and
allopurinol (used to prevent hyperuricemia during tx) →
life-threatening
myelosuppression (must ↓ dose of 6-MP if on allopurinol**)

Gi disturbances, anorexia, N/V

29
Q

Etoposide

A

Alopecia

30
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Reversible acute arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities

31
Q

Allopurinol

A

Inhibits 6-MP metabolism by xanthine oxidase (XO) in liver → excessive 6-MP levels and tox

(must ↓ 6-MP dose*)

32
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Cyclophosphamide

A

Myelosuppression

33
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity (cumulative and non-reversible)

Prevent nephrotox
w/ hydration and
mannitol diuresis

34
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression

Renal tox due to crystallization (prevent w/ hydration)

35
Q

Dose-limiting effect of 5-Fluorouracil

A

Myelosuppression

36
Q

Dose-limiting effect of 6-Mercaptopurine

A

Myelosuppression

37
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Vinblastine

A

Bone

marrow suppression

38
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Vincristine

A

Peripheral
neuropathiees w/ paresthesia

*bone
marrow sparing

39
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Paclitaxel

A

Myelosuppression and

peripheral neuropathies

40
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Etoposide

A

Myelosuppression

41
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Irinotecan

A

Diarrhea and/or

myelosuppression

42
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Doxorubicin

A

Irreversible chronic

cardiomyopathy

43
Q

Dose-limiting effect of Bleomycin

A

Pulmonary fibrosis that may be fatal

Pharm II Exam 3 (7 decks)

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