Adverse Drug Reactions & Interactions Flashcards
ADRs are _____ and ______ response to a drug which is normally used in humans for ______ purposes. It does not apply to ______ drugs.
Noxious; unintended; therapeutic; illegal
What percentage of hospital admissions are due to ADRs?
6%
Outline 4 greater risk groups of ADR
Age (very old/young)
Gender (women)
Co-morbidities (renal/hepatic)
Polypharmacy
Identify the 5 classifications of ADRs (ABCDE)
Augmented Bizarre Chronic Delayed End of dose
Define augmented ADRs
Predictable, relatively common and dose-related.
High morbidity, low mortality.
Define bizarre ADRs
Unpredictable and uncommon, included allergic reactions.
Low morbidity, high mortality.
Define chronic ADRs
Develops after continuous or chronic use
Define delayed ADRs
Develops some time after exposure to drug
Define end of dose ADRs
Manifests when medication has been stopped - withdrawal effect
What are the 4 classifications of ADRs based on SEVERITY
Mild: May not even be noticed
Moderate: Corrective measures necessary, but not hospitalised
Major: Organ damage and hospitalisation
Life-threatening: May be fatal
What pneumonic helps in understanding ADR causality?
TRIP
Time, Recovery, Independent evidence, Predictable
Define pharmacovigilance
Post-marketing surveillance of medicines in general population - generally newly added
What 4 details are required when reporting an ADR?
Patient details, reporter details, suspected drug, suspected reaction(s)
How do grapefruit juice and cranberry juice cause drug interactions?
Affect metabolism
Why do milk/dairy products cause drug interactions?
Due to calcium
