Adverse drug effects

Question 1

What causes different response to drug administration?

Answer 1

differences in the concentration of drug reaching tissues

difference in the response of target tissues

Question 2

How does food intake affect drug response?

Answer 2

drugs interact with food ie grapefruit interfering with cyt p450
food delays gastric emptying and changes pH

Question 3

How does fluid intake affect drug response?

Answer 3

can trigger gastric emptying

most drugs are absorbed better if taken with water

Question 4

How does age affect drug response?

Answer 4

newborns have more body water than adults
poor renal funtion and immature tubular secretion
immature blood brain barrier
lower capacity for drug metabolism

Question 5

How can disease affect drug response?

Answer 5

kidney failure - decreased drug excretion
congestive heart failure - reduced splanchnic flow, reduced hepatic clearance
liver failure - reduced metabolism, reduced first pass metabolism

Question 6

What inhibits cyt p450?

Answer 6

clarithromycin - macrolide
ciproflaxcin - quinolones
antifungal - fluconazole
ppi - omeprazole

Question 7

What is INR?

Answer 7

international normalised ratio
measures blood clotting time based on PT
normal is 0.9-1.2

Question 8

How does st johns wort interact with drugs?

Answer 8

hypericin indues cytochrome p450 which increases metabolism of drugs