adverb and adverbial

Question 1

formation of adverbs

Answer 1

• adverbs of original form: not derived from adjectives, mainly of time and place
  seldom, often, now, never
• derivational adverbs: formation by adding -ly, -wise, -ward(s), -fashion, -ways, -style
• paraphrases: in a friendly manner (adj.: friendly), like a coward (adj.: cowardly), with difficulty (adj.: difficult)

Question 2

word class of some in these sentences:
1. The bus stop is in some 50m
2. There are some mistakes in your text
3. Do you want any tea? - Yes, please give me some!

Answer 2

1. adverb
2. indefinite positive assertive determiner
3. indefinite positive assertive pronoun

Question 3

possible positions for adverbs

Answer 3

• front-position: first chunk of the sentence
• mid-position: somewhere between the first and the last chunk
• end-position: last chunk of the sentence

adverbs and adverb phrases as attributes come either immediately before or after the word or phrase they modify
=> very good, theoretically sound, so clearly, slow enough

Question 4

position of several adverbials at the end of a sentence

Answer 4

• manner before place and time
• direction before place (to the left at that point)

Question 5

position of adverbials of degree

Answer 5

• intensifiers: usually mid-position, sometimes end-position
  I simply don’t believe this. The publicity helped our plans considerably.
• downtoners: usually mid-position, always after first auxiliary
  I am sure you would hardly have admired her rhetoric.