Advance Database System Flashcards
Process of describing the data, relationships between the data, and the constraints on the data.
Conceptual Database Design
Iterative and progressive process of creating a specific data model
for a determined problem domain
Data modeling
Simple representations of complex real-world data structures
Data models
Abstraction of a real-world object or event
Model
focuses on how the database structure will be used to store and manage end-
user data
Database design
clearly defined
area within the real-world environment, with a well-defined scope and boundaries that will be
systematically addressed.
problem domain
represents a particular type of object in the real world, which means an entity
is “distinguishable”—that is, each entity occurrence is unique and distinct
entity
A characteristic of an entity.
attribute
describes an association among entities
relationship
a restriction placed on the data.
constraint
a brief, precise, and unambiguous description
of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization
business rule
use data models to communicate with programmers and end
users.
Database designers
an abstraction of a complex real-world data environment.
data model
used to identify and define the basic modeling
components within a specific real-world environment.
Business rules
Raw facts. Not yet been processed to reveal the meaning.
Data
Generation, storage, and retrieval of data
Data management
Produced by processing data. Reveals the meaning of data.
Information
Shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of end-user
data and metadata.
Database
Raw facts of interest to end user
End-user data
Data about data, which the end-user data are integrated and managed.
Metadata
Collection of programs. Manages the database
structure.
Database management system (DBMS)
Raw facts of interest to end user
End-user data
serves as the intermediary between the user and the database.
DBMS
Supports one user at a time
Single-user database
Supports multiple users at the same time
Multiuser database
Data is located at a single site.
Centralized database
Data is distributed across different sites.
Distributed database
Created and maintained using cloud data services (internet powered),
such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS, that provide defined performance measures
for the database.
Cloud database
Contains a wide variety of data used in multiple
disciplines.
General-purpose databases
Contains data focused on specific subject areas.
Discipline-specific databases
Designed to support a company’s day-to-day operations. It is
also known as an online transaction processing (OLTP) database, transactional
database, or production database
Operational database
Stores historical data and business metrics used exclusively for
tactical or strategic decision making.
Analytical database
It is a specialized database that stores data in a format
optimized for decision support.
Data warehouse
It is a set of tools that work together to provide an advanced data analysis environment for retrieving, processing, and
modeling data from the data warehouse.
Online analytical processing (OLAP):
In recent times, this area of database application has grown in importance and usage, to the point that it has evolved into its own
discipline:
Business intelligence
It is a data that exists in its original (raw) state—that is, in the format in which it was collected
Unstructured data
It is the result of formatting unstructured data to facilitate
storage, use, and generation of information.
Structured data
refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that
will be used to store and manage end-user data.
Database design
Raw facts, such as telephone number, birth date, customer name, year-to-
date (YTD) sales value.
Data
A character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a
specific meaning
Field
A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person,
place, or thing.
Record
A collection of related records.
File
This anomaly happens when changes are made to a file with
redundant data, and all other related data are not updated properly
Update Anomalies
This anomaly happens when inserting vital data into the
database is not possible because other data is not already there.
Insert Anomalies
This anomaly happens when the deletion of unwanted
information causes desired information to be deleted as well.
Delete Anomalies
refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment.
database system
database system five major parts
hardware, software, people, procedures, and data.
refers to all of the system’s physical devices.
Hardware.
Three types of software
Operating system software
DBMS software
Application programs and utility software
This component includes all users of the database system.
People
the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of
the database system.
Procedures
Stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships
Data dictionary
Ensures efficient performance of the database in terms
of storage and access speed
Performance tuning
Transforms entered data to conform to required data structures
Data transformation and presentation
Enforces user security and data privacy.
Security management
Sophisticated algorithms ensure that multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising its integrity
Multiuser access control
Enables recovery of the database after a failure
Backup and recovery management
Minimizes redundancy and maximizes consistency
Data integrity management
Lets the user specify what must be done without having to
specify how
Query language
De facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors
Structured Query Language (SQL)
Accept end-user requests via multiple, different network environments
Database communication interfaces
