Adulthood(Early and Middle) Flashcards by mhymhy mhy

longest phase in human life

Adulthood

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20-40 yrs old

Early adulthood

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40-60 yrs old

Middle Adulthood

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Developmental task in early adulthood

Completing college education
 Starting a career
 Generating income
 Selecting a partner
Starting a family
 Living independently
 Taking civic responsibility
Finding a suitable social group

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Physical strength peaks early 30s(T/F)

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Peak in——-

coordination and dexterity

Visual and auditory acuity

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physical development declines toward middle adulthood (T/F)

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Problems arise

SADNES:

Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs, Nutrition( imroper diet), lack of Exercise(sedentary lifestyle), Social Media

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number, word
fluency, verbal meaning, inductive
reasoning and spatial orientation

Primary mental abilities

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– abilities to allow flexibility and
adaptation, make inferences and understand
relationships among concepts; declines in
adulthood.

Fluid intelligence

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knowledge acquired
through life experience and education; improves in
adulthood.

Crystallized intelligence

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Characterized by more logical, abstract,
and idealistic thinking rather than
concrete operational thinking.

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

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Piaget concluded that an adolescent and
an adult think QUANTITATIVELY in the
same way.(T/F)

F: QUALITATIVELY

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Postformal Thought acknowledges that adult
predicaments must sometimes be solved in____
.

relativistic terms

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correct answer based on own experiences and logic

Formal operation thinking

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correct answer varies from situation to situation, solutions must be realistic, ambiguity and contradictions may exist, and emotions and subjectivity
play a role in thinking.

Postformal thought

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has an impact on future success.

INTELLIGENCE

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STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY

OF INTELLIGENCE

Analytical (Componential)
Creative (Experiential)
Practical (Contextual)

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Mental components involved in analyzing data used in

problem solving and rational behavior

Analytical (Componential)

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Relationship between intelligence, prior experience and

ability to cope with new situations

Creative (Experiential)

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Degree of success people demonstrate in facing the

demands of their everyday, real world environment

Practical (Contextual)

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– Learned primarily by observing others and
modeling their behavior
– “Social Radar”

Practical Intelligence

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Set of skills that underlies the accurate assessment,

evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions

Emotional Intelligence

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CREATIVITY: NOVEL THOUGHT

Early adulthood

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As people get older, their creativity may be | stymied(t/f)

ups and downs of life events may lead young adults to think about the world in novel, more complex and sophisticated, and often less rigid ways(t/f)

6xth stage of psychosocial development that takes place during early adulthood.

Intimacy versus Isolation

Erikson described intimate relationships as

closeness, honesty, and love.

People who are successful in resolving the conflict of the Intimacy versus Isolation stage are able to develop deep, meaningful relationships with others.(t/f)

Success leads to_____, while | failure results in______ .

strong relationships; loneliness and isolation

Sharing part of the self with others while still | maintaining a strong sense of self-identity(t/f)

more than just engaging in sex; it means forging emotional intimacy and closeness.

Being intimate

People can also gain intimacy | from

friends and loved ones

part ofbeing able to form strong relationships involves being able to commit to others for the long-term.

Making commitments to others

relationships are reciprocal. Getting love is | important at this stage, but so is giving it.

Caring about the needs of others

STERNBERG: TRIANGULAR THEORY | OF LOVE

Intimacy, Passion, commitment

self-disclosure leads to connection, warmth and | trust; sharing thoughts and actions

Emotional element (intimacy)- liking, romantic love, companionate love, consummate love

- inner drives that translate to physiological | arousal into sexual desire; intense physiological desire

Motivational element(passion)-infatuation, romantic love, fatuous love, consummate love

- decision to love and be with the beloved; willingness to stay

Cognitive element (commitment)-empty, companionate,fatuous and consummate

arranged marriage

empty love

– people find partners based on their similarity to each other

Assortative Mating

-By choice - Want to be free, take risks, experiment, pursue careers, etc. without worrying how their quest for self-fulfillment affects another person -Difficulty in finding partners with similar educational and social backgrounds

single life

Unmarried couple lives together and maintains sexual relationship

cohabitation

Lesbians are more likely to have stable, ___relationships than gay men

monogamous

PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN MARRIAGE

Age, homogamy, equality in relationship

marrying when partners have strong self-identity

Age

similarity in values and interest

Homogamy

each partnercontributes

Equality in relationship

a crucial task of young adults

Development of intimate relationships

emotional basis of | friendship.

Affective dimension

participate or support mutual interest.

Shared or communal dimension

friends entertain and are sources of | amusement, fun and recreation.

Sociability or compatibility dimension

Women – more close friendship based on ______. Men – fewer close friendship based more on ____

intimate and emotional sharing; shared activities

“a period of insecurity, doubt and disappointment | surrounding career, relationships and financial situation".

QUARTERLIFE CRISIS

the capacity for forming judgments about what is morally right or wrong, good or bad.

Morality

“social conscience”.

“Principled Conscience or the | Universal/Ethical Principles”

▪Foci of Kohlbergs 6th stage

-Justice – Dignity for all life – Common good

humans develop morality by learning the rules of acceptable behavior from their external environment, an essentially behaviorist approach.

Social learning theory

proposes instead that morality develops through humans' conflict between their instinctual drives and the demands of society.

Psychoanalytic theory

holistic in their approach, taking into account all the factors that contribute to human development.

Personality theory

developmental tasks in middle adulthood

Achieve social and civic responsibility ▪ Establish and maintain a good standard of living ▪ Assist children in becoming happy adults ▪ Develop adult leisure activities ▪ Accept and adjust physical changes ▪ Adapt to ageing parents

fertility decline

Climacterium

signs of ageing

Changes in Appearance – – wrinkles – gray hair – weight gain

irregularity and eventual | cessation of menstruation

Menopause

Somatic symptoms –sleep difficulties, headaches, rapid heartbeats, soreness/stiffness in joints

Female climacterium

Physical changes – decrease muscle mass, increased body fat, hair loss, sleep difficulties ▪ Emotional changes – low motivation, depression, poor concentration

Male climacterium

process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas

SELECTIVE OPTIMIZATION

acquisition of skill or | knowledge in a particular area

Expertise

Experts rely more on experience and intuition | and often bend the rules(t/F)

Most people show only minimal memory losses and many exhibit none at all during middle adulthood.(t/f)

key to dealing with change successfully and see change as an opportunity for growth

ego resilience

7th stage of psychosocial development that takes place during middle adulthood between the ages of approximately 40 and 65.

Generativity versus Stagnation

refers to "making your mark" on the world by caring for others as well as creating and accomplishing things that make the world a better place.

generativity

refers to the failure to find a way to contribute. These individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole.

stagnation

Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community(t/f)

Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.(t/f)

"Midlife Crisis."

Stage 7 psychosocial development

Middle-aged people provide a link between | generations:

Sandwich Generation

adjusting to children leaving home; facilitated by parents nurturing and approving their children’s move towards independence

“Empty Nest”

“owe it to parents to | now care for them”

Filial obligation

added financial cost to their own present expenses and need for their future

Economic costs

conflicts can give rise to feelings of resentment, | depression, anger, and guilt

psychological costs

most important thing in their lives

Centrality

being seen as wise

Valued elder

spoiling grandchildren

Indulgence

recall their own relationships with their own grandparents

Reinvolvement with personal past

– taking pride that they will be followed by not one but two generations

Immortality through clan

“Life begins at Forty”

middle adulthood