Adulthood(Early and Middle) Flashcards
longest phase in human life
Adulthood
20-40 yrs old
Early adulthood
40-60 yrs old
Middle Adulthood
Developmental task in early adulthood
Completing college education Starting a career Generating income Selecting a partner Starting a family Living independently Taking civic responsibility Finding a suitable social group
Physical strength peaks early 30s(T/F)
T
Peak in——-
coordination and dexterity
Visual and auditory acuity
physical development declines toward middle adulthood (T/F)
T
Problems arise
SADNES:
Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs, Nutrition( imroper diet), lack of Exercise(sedentary lifestyle), Social Media
number, word
fluency, verbal meaning, inductive
reasoning and spatial orientation
Primary mental abilities
– abilities to allow flexibility and
adaptation, make inferences and understand
relationships among concepts; declines in
adulthood.
Fluid intelligence
knowledge acquired
through life experience and education; improves in
adulthood.
Crystallized intelligence
Characterized by more logical, abstract,
and idealistic thinking rather than
concrete operational thinking.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
Piaget concluded that an adolescent and
an adult think QUANTITATIVELY in the
same way.(T/F)
F: QUALITATIVELY
Postformal Thought acknowledges that adult
predicaments must sometimes be solved in____
.
relativistic terms
correct answer based on own experiences and logic
Formal operation thinking
correct answer varies from situation to situation, solutions must be realistic, ambiguity and contradictions may exist, and emotions and subjectivity
play a role in thinking.
Postformal thought
has an impact on future success.
INTELLIGENCE
STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY
OF INTELLIGENCE
Analytical (Componential)
Creative (Experiential)
Practical (Contextual)
Mental components involved in analyzing data used in
problem solving and rational behavior
Analytical (Componential)
Relationship between intelligence, prior experience and
ability to cope with new situations
Creative (Experiential)
Degree of success people demonstrate in facing the
demands of their everyday, real world environment
Practical (Contextual)
– Learned primarily by observing others and
modeling their behavior
– “Social Radar”
Practical Intelligence
Set of skills that underlies the accurate assessment,
evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
Emotional Intelligence
CREATIVITY: NOVEL THOUGHT
Early adulthood
As people get older, their creativity may be
stymied(t/f)
t
ups and downs of life events may
lead young adults to think about the
world in novel, more complex and
sophisticated, and often less rigid ways(t/f)
t
6xth stage of psychosocial development that takes place during early
adulthood.
Intimacy versus Isolation
Erikson described intimate relationships as
closeness, honesty, and love.
People who are successful in resolving the conflict
of the Intimacy versus Isolation stage are able to
develop deep, meaningful relationships with others.(t/f)
t
Success leads to_____, while
failure results in______ .
strong relationships; loneliness and isolation
Sharing part of the self with others while still
maintaining a strong sense of self-identity(t/f)
t
more than just engaging
in sex; it means forging emotional intimacy and
closeness.
Being intimate
People can also gain intimacy
from
friends and loved ones
part ofbeing able to form strong relationships
involves being able to commit to others for
the long-term.
Making commitments to others
relationships are reciprocal. Getting love is
important at this stage, but so is giving it.
Caring about the needs of others
STERNBERG: TRIANGULAR THEORY
OF LOVE
Intimacy, Passion, commitment
self-disclosure leads to connection, warmth and
trust; sharing thoughts and actions
Emotional element (intimacy)- liking, romantic love, companionate love, consummate love
- inner drives that translate to physiological
arousal into sexual desire; intense physiological desire
Motivational element(passion)-infatuation, romantic love, fatuous love, consummate love
- decision to love and be with the beloved; willingness
to stay
Cognitive element (commitment)-empty, companionate,fatuous and consummate
arranged marriage
empty love
– people find
partners based on their similarity to
each other
Assortative Mating
-By choice
- Want to be free, take risks, experiment, pursue careers, etc.
without worrying how their quest for self-fulfillment affects
another person
-Difficulty in finding partners with similar educational and social backgrounds
single life
Unmarried couple lives together and maintains sexual relationship
cohabitation
Lesbians are more likely to have stable, ___relationships than
gay men
monogamous
PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN MARRIAGE
Age, homogamy, equality in relationship
marrying when partners have strong self-identity
Age
similarity in values and interest
Homogamy
each partnercontributes
Equality in relationship
a crucial task of young adults
Development of intimate relationships
emotional basis of
friendship.
Affective dimension
participate or support mutual interest.
Shared or communal dimension
friends entertain and are sources of
amusement, fun and recreation.
Sociability or compatibility dimension
Women – more close friendship based on
______.
Men – fewer close friendship based more
on ____
intimate and emotional sharing; shared activities
“a period of insecurity, doubt and disappointment
surrounding career, relationships and financial situation”.
QUARTERLIFE CRISIS
the capacity for forming judgments about what is morally right or wrong, good or bad.
Morality
“social conscience”.
“Principled Conscience or the
Universal/Ethical Principles”
▪Foci of Kohlbergs 6th stage
-Justice
– Dignity for all life
– Common good
humans develop morality by
learning the rules of acceptable behavior from their
external environment, an essentially behaviorist
approach.
Social learning theory
proposes instead that morality
develops through humans’ conflict between their
instinctual drives and the demands of society.
Psychoanalytic theory
holistic in their approach, taking
into account all the factors that contribute to human
development.
Personality theory
developmental tasks in middle adulthood
Achieve social and civic responsibility
▪ Establish and maintain a good standard of
living
▪ Assist children in becoming happy adults
▪ Develop adult leisure activities
▪ Accept and adjust physical changes
▪ Adapt to ageing parents
fertility decline
Climacterium
signs of ageing
Changes in Appearance –
– wrinkles
– gray hair
– weight gain
irregularity and eventual
cessation of menstruation
Menopause
Somatic symptoms –sleep difficulties,
headaches, rapid heartbeats,
soreness/stiffness in joints
Female climacterium
Physical changes – decrease muscle mass,
increased body fat, hair loss, sleep difficulties
▪ Emotional changes – low motivation,
depression, poor concentration
Male climacterium
process by which people
concentrate on particular skill areas to
compensate for losses in other areas
SELECTIVE OPTIMIZATION
acquisition of skill or
knowledge in a particular area
Expertise
Experts rely more on experience and intuition
and often bend the rules(t/F)
t
Most people show only minimal memory
losses and many exhibit none at all
during middle adulthood.(t/f)
t
key to dealing with change successfully and see change as an opportunity for growth
ego resilience
7th stage of psychosocial development that takes place during middle
adulthood between the ages of
approximately 40 and 65.
Generativity versus Stagnation
refers to “making your mark” on the world by caring for others as well as creating and accomplishing things that make the world a better place.
generativity
refers to the failure to find a way to contribute. These
individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with
their community and with society as a whole.
stagnation
Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community(t/f)
t
Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.(t/f)
t
“Midlife Crisis.”
Stage 7 psychosocial development
Middle-aged people provide a link between
generations:
Sandwich Generation
adjusting to children leaving home;
facilitated by parents nurturing and approving
their children’s move towards independence
“Empty Nest”
“owe it to parents to
now care for them”
Filial obligation
added financial cost to
their own present expenses and need for
their future
Economic costs
conflicts can give rise to feelings of resentment,
depression, anger, and guilt
psychological costs
most important thing in their lives
Centrality
being seen as wise
Valued elder
spoiling grandchildren
Indulgence
recall their own relationships with their own grandparents
Reinvolvement with personal past
– taking pride that they will be followed by not one but two generations
Immortality through clan
“Life begins at Forty”
middle adulthood
