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ADOLESCENCE Flashcards

1
Q

psychological and social transition between

childhood and adulthood.

A

Adolescence

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2
Q 
process of physical changes by which adolescents
reach maturity (e.g. become capable of reproduction).
A

Puberty

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3
Q

period of bodily changes which starts on

puberty.

A

Pubescence

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4
Q

Philippine Pediatric Society:

Adolescent:

A

10-19 years old

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5
Q

Relationship deepens, autonomy in decision making
grows, intellectual pursuits and social belonging are
sought.

A

Adolescence

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6
Q

Maturation, physiologic signs and surging sexual
hormones of puberty.
“Work in progress”

A

Adolescence

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7
Q

Increase in risk taking, sexual behavior, family

attachment to peer affiliation.

A

Adolescence

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8
Q

→ enhances the ability to understand
social situations, control impulses. Make long range
plans and think ahead.

A

Cortical gray matter

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9
Q

increased connectivity enhancing the

ability to acquire new competencies)

A

White matter

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10
Q

puberty in males:

starts at______;ends at_____

A

10-11y.o; 15-17y.o

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11
Q

puberty in females:

starts at______;ends at_____

A

11-12y.o;17-19y.o

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12
Q

degree of successful adaptation

A

75%

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13
Q

25%degree

A

maladjustments, conduct problems, substance use,

mood disorder & other psychiatric disorder

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14
Q

Psychologically disturbed children are at great risk for

disorders in adolescence.(True or False)

A

true

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15
Q

Risk for conflicts with families will not lead to alienation.(True or False)

A

false

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16
Q

7 HAVIGHURST’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

A

Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates
of both sexes.
• Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
• Accepting one’s physique and using body effectively.
• Desiring, accepting & achieving socially responsible
behaviors.
• Achieving emotional independence.
• Preparing for an economic career, marriage and family life.
• Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system.

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17
Q

Most striking initial changes in early adolescence

A

physically, attitude and

behavior.

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18
Q

Boys growth spurt:_____

• Girls growth spurt:____

A

begin in this stage;1-2 years earlier

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19
Q

EARLY ADOLESCENCE

A

.Question previously accepted family values.
• Interest in opposite or same sex.
• Awareness of sexuality.
• Adjustment to rapid changes in body and self-image.

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20
Q

Major developmental task in early adolescence

A

establish independence,
turning to peers of same gender.
• Growing desire for autonomy.
• Smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, try marijuana.

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21
Q

Overwhelming turmoil: dramatic rejection of family,

friends & lifestyle leads to alienation of adolescent( True or False)

A

true

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22
Q

Major task in middle adolescence

A

becoming comfortable with sexuality

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23
Q

Sense of “omnipotence”will not lead to parental conflicts.(true or false)

A

false

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24
Q

Self-esteem influences risk taking behaviors:

A

accidents

and suicide peak at this stage

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25
middle adolescence
.pursuing their goals of being independent. • Abstract thinking, realistic decision making and application to social judgment are put to test. • Sexual behavior intensifies → complicated romantic relationship.
26
Continued exploration
academic, music, art, athletic & | social pursuits.
27
LATE ADOLESCENCE
Greater definition of self and sense of belongingness. • Identities that are established continues to be refined during adulthood. • High idealism, rigid concepts of right or wrong. • Ability to think problems with various alternatives.
28
Favors close, intimate and caring relationship over | peers.
Search for a partner
29
maturation and | enlargement of the sex organs.
Primary sex characteristics
30
physiological signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve the sex organs.
Secondary sex characteristics
31
beginning of menstrual periods; | usually around 12-13 years old.
menarche
32
the first ejaculation - 13-14 years | old; facial hair-14 years old.
spermarche
33
Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR):
Tanner stages
34
SMR 4-5____;SMR__
girls;boys
35
ovarian follicle matures on a monthly | basis (ovulation occurs)
SMR 4-5
36
ability to ejaculate is achieved; secondary characteristics (thickening of the skin, broadening of facial hair).
within a year of SMR 2
37
Preadolescent; | No sexual hair
Tanner stage 1
38
Tanner stage 2
Hair is sparse;pigmented, long and straight situated mainly at the base of the penis, along the labia, breast budding
39
Hair is darker, coarser and curlier; continued enlargement of breast
Tanner stage 3
40
Tanner stage 4
Adult form of hair with decreased distribution ,Areola and papilla form secondary mound
41
Adult hair inform and quantity; spreads up to medial thighs;Mature female breast
Tanner stage 5
42
last to | develop
pre-fontal
43
process of removing neurons which may have become damaged or degraded in order to further improve the “networking” capacity of a particular area.
Synaptic pruning
44
a work in progress (prefrontal cortex is last to | develop) - 20 years old.
Teen brain
45
Cognitive Development Theory
Formal Operational (12yrs-adult), Concrete operational (7-12), Pre-operational(2-6),Sensorimotor (0-2)
46
→Begin to think logically and abstractly. →Theoretical, philosophical and scientific reasoning. →Abstract concepts and moral values. →Reinterpret and revise knowledge base.
Formal Operational
47
→Executive functions of the brain. →Still some degree of omnipotence and magical thinking (recklessness together with more mature abstract thinking). →Allows them to think on future aspiration.
Cognitive maturation
48
Advancements in thinking occurs in 5 areas during adolescence
Attention, Memory, Processing, Organization, | Metacognition
49
“Who am I?” and “Who I want to be?” Typically relies on his or her society of peers to resolve inner conflicts.
Identity vs Role Confusion
50
Positive outcome: | Negative outcome:
strong identity ; confusion, unable to make decisions and choices about his/her role in life.
51
Characteristics Adolescent Tasks
→Exploration of selves through others (idols). | →Isolation and rejection problems.
52
Development as independent
School age -identify with their family or parents as role models. →Early Adolescence: taking issue Mid Adolescence - teen ambivalence: retreating →Late Adolescence: comfortable being away from home & unfamiliar situation.
53
Impact on Parents
→Confusing and bewildering. →Hurtful of not being close. →Angry that teens seem to contract everything they say. →Will need reassurance about normality of the process.
54
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Genital Stage: →Age range: puberty-death. →Erogenous zone: maturing sexual interest. →Consequences of psychologic fixation: frigidity, impotence.
55
Level 2:MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Conventional Morality: 10- 15 years old
56
→Wanting to be nice. →Finds peer approval very important. →Feels that intentions are as important as deeds. →Begin to put himself/herself in another’s shoes (empathy) and think from another perspective
Stage 3: Good Boy: Good Girl Orientation
57
``` →At this stage consider society as a whole when making judgment. →Begin to be an activist. →Duty doer who believes in rigid rules. →Respects authority. →Supports the rights of majority →Part of about 80% of the population does not progress or past on stage 4. ```
Stage 4: Law and Social Order: 10 – 15 years old
58
→To account for the differing values. →Believes in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. →Consensus (everyone agrees). →Respect the rights of the minority especially the rights of individual. →Believes that change in the law is possible but only through the system
Stage 5: Legalistic Social Contract: 16 years old and above
59
→Abstract reasoning. →Follow internalized principles of justice even if they have conflict with laws and rules. →Believes that there are higher moral principles than those represented with social rules and customs. →Willing to accept the consequences for disobedience of the social rule he or she has rejected. →Believes that dignity of humanity is sacred and that all humans have value.
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles
60
4 General Types:Risk Taking Behavior
→Teenage sexuality; →Alcohol / drug use: →Delinquency / antisocial behavior: →School failure / underachievement:
61
Resistance to stress, flexibility, adaptability, good coping.
RESILIENCY
62
Steps in Decision Making:
→Identify the situation/problem →Weigh your options →Decide
63
5 DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENCE
Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial, Psychosexual, Moral
64
displayed by increased modesty and embarrassment with their current physical development or may exhibit itself in an increased interest in the opposite/same sex.
Awareness of sexuality
65
Gay and lesbian adolescents: timing of dating experience is delayed or influenced by acceptance of homosexuality or attitudes toward homosexuality.
Heterosexual dating patterns
66
influence activities, style, | music, idols and role models.
Identification with peer group
67
* Hormonal Changes * Sexual Maturation * Physical Growth * Brain Development
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
68
▪Adrenal glands | ▪Sex glands
Adrenarche; Gonadarche
69
maturation of adrenal glands and sex glands
hormonal changes
70
priming the body to behave in a certain way once | puberty begins
Organizational Role
71
triggering certain behavioral and physical changes
Activational Role
72
testes primarily release______, and the ovaries release____ ; the production of these hormones_____ gradually until sexual maturation is met.
testosterone; estrogen; increases
73
TANNER STAGES
Development of breasts and penis and pubic hair
74
Ranges for SMR 1 | – SMR 5
Puberty ; Adult
75
Rapid increase in height and weight due to release | of
growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and | androgens
76
The first places to grow are the ----(head, hands, and feet), followed by the arms and legs, and later the ____
extremities ; torso and shoulders
77
T/F : •‘More fats in males’, ‘more muscles on females’.
F
78
T/F: •An adolescent’s heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity during puberty; these changes contribute to increased strength and tolerance for exercise.
T
79
Executive Function of brain- Transition from ABSTRACT thinking to more concrete thinking (T/F)
F: concrete to abstract
80
Increased ability to draw_____ in | scientific pursuits, with peer / social interactions
LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS
81
the process by which one focuses | on one stimulus while tuning out another
selective | attention
82
the ability to pay attention to two or more stimuli at the same time.
divided attention
83
Improvements are seen in both working | memory and long-term memory.
memory
84
use mnemonic devices and other strategies to think more efficiently.
organization
85
ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action, and provide alternative explanations of events.
metacogntion
86
ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining | psychosexual childhood conflicts.
genital stage
87
•As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is centered upon the genitalia but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile.(T/F)
T
88
presence of risk factors – does not always guarantee a negative outcome will occur but increases the probability; e.g., being raised by a single parent(T/F)
T
89
presence of protective factors – buffer, modify, or ameliorate an individual’s reaction to a situation; e.g., being raised by a single but caring parent supported by others(T/F)
T

PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD (6 decks)

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