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PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD > ADOLESCENCE > Flashcards

ADOLESCENCE Flashcards

1
Q

psychological and social transition between

childhood and adulthood.

A

Adolescence

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2
Q 
process of physical changes by which adolescents
reach maturity (e.g. become capable of reproduction).
A

Puberty

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3
Q

period of bodily changes which starts on

puberty.

A

Pubescence

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4
Q

Philippine Pediatric Society:

Adolescent:

A

10-19 years old

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5
Q

Relationship deepens, autonomy in decision making
grows, intellectual pursuits and social belonging are
sought.

A

Adolescence

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6
Q

Maturation, physiologic signs and surging sexual
hormones of puberty.
“Work in progress”

A

Adolescence

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7
Q

Increase in risk taking, sexual behavior, family

attachment to peer affiliation.

A

Adolescence

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8
Q

→ enhances the ability to understand
social situations, control impulses. Make long range
plans and think ahead.

A

Cortical gray matter

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9
Q

increased connectivity enhancing the

ability to acquire new competencies)

A

White matter

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10
Q

puberty in males:

starts at______;ends at_____

A

10-11y.o; 15-17y.o

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11
Q

puberty in females:

starts at______;ends at_____

A

11-12y.o;17-19y.o

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12
Q

degree of successful adaptation

A

75%

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13
Q

25%degree

A

maladjustments, conduct problems, substance use,

mood disorder & other psychiatric disorder

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14
Q

Psychologically disturbed children are at great risk for

disorders in adolescence.(True or False)

A

true

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15
Q

Risk for conflicts with families will not lead to alienation.(True or False)

A

false

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16
Q

7 HAVIGHURST’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

A

Achieving new and more mature relations with age mates
of both sexes.
• Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
• Accepting one’s physique and using body effectively.
• Desiring, accepting & achieving socially responsible
behaviors.
• Achieving emotional independence.
• Preparing for an economic career, marriage and family life.
• Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system.

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17
Q

Most striking initial changes in early adolescence

A

physically, attitude and

behavior.

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18
Q

Boys growth spurt:_____

• Girls growth spurt:____

A

begin in this stage;1-2 years earlier

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19
Q

EARLY ADOLESCENCE

A

.Question previously accepted family values.
• Interest in opposite or same sex.
• Awareness of sexuality.
• Adjustment to rapid changes in body and self-image.

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20
Q

Major developmental task in early adolescence

A

establish independence,
turning to peers of same gender.
• Growing desire for autonomy.
• Smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, try marijuana.

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21
Q

Overwhelming turmoil: dramatic rejection of family,

friends & lifestyle leads to alienation of adolescent( True or False)

A

true

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22
Q

Major task in middle adolescence

A

becoming comfortable with sexuality

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23
Q

Sense of “omnipotence”will not lead to parental conflicts.(true or false)

A

false

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24
Q

Self-esteem influences risk taking behaviors:

A

accidents

and suicide peak at this stage

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25
Q

middle adolescence

A

.pursuing their goals of being independent.
• Abstract thinking, realistic decision making and application
to social judgment are put to test.
• Sexual behavior intensifies → complicated romantic
relationship.

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26
Q

Continued exploration

A

academic, music, art, athletic &

social pursuits.

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27
Q

LATE ADOLESCENCE

A

Greater definition of self and sense of belongingness.
• Identities that are established continues to be refined
during adulthood.
• High idealism, rigid concepts of right or wrong.
• Ability to think problems with various alternatives.

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28
Q

Favors close, intimate and caring relationship over

peers.

A

Search for a partner

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29
Q

maturation and

enlargement of the sex organs.

A

Primary sex characteristics

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30
Q

physiological signs of
sexual maturation that do not directly involve the sex
organs.

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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31
Q

beginning of menstrual periods;

usually around 12-13 years old.

A

menarche

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32
Q

the first ejaculation - 13-14 years

old; facial hair-14 years old.

A

spermarche

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33
Q

Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR):

A

Tanner stages

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34
Q

SMR 4-5____;SMR__

A

girls;boys

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35
Q

ovarian follicle matures on a monthly

basis (ovulation occurs)

A

SMR 4-5

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36
Q

ability to ejaculate is achieved; secondary characteristics (thickening of the skin, broadening of facial hair).

A

within a year of SMR 2

37
Q

Preadolescent;

No sexual hair

A

Tanner stage 1

38
Q

Tanner stage 2

A

Hair is sparse;pigmented, long
and straight situated mainly at the base of
the penis, along the labia, breast budding

39
Q

Hair is darker,
coarser and
curlier; continued enlargement of breast

A

Tanner stage 3

40
Q

Tanner stage 4

A

Adult form of hair with
decreased distribution ,Areola and
papilla form secondary
mound

41
Q

Adult hair inform and quantity; spreads up to medial thighs;Mature
female breast

A

Tanner stage 5

42
Q

last to

develop

A

pre-fontal

43
Q

process of removing neurons which
may have become damaged or degraded in order to
further improve the “networking” capacity of a
particular area.

A

Synaptic pruning

44
Q

a work in progress (prefrontal cortex is last to

develop) - 20 years old.

A

Teen brain

45
Q

Cognitive Development Theory

A

Formal Operational (12yrs-adult), Concrete operational (7-12), Pre-operational(2-6),Sensorimotor (0-2)

46
Q

→Begin to think logically and abstractly.
→Theoretical, philosophical and scientific reasoning.
→Abstract concepts and moral values.
→Reinterpret and revise knowledge base.

A

Formal Operational

47
Q

→Executive functions of the brain.
→Still some degree of omnipotence and magical thinking
(recklessness together with more mature abstract
thinking).
→Allows them to think on future aspiration.

A

Cognitive maturation

48
Q

Advancements in thinking occurs in 5 areas during adolescence

A

Attention, Memory, Processing, Organization,

Metacognition

49
Q

“Who am I?” and “Who I want to be?”
Typically relies on his or her society of peers to resolve
inner conflicts.

A

Identity vs Role Confusion

50
Q

Positive outcome:

Negative outcome:

A

strong identity ;
confusion, unable to make decisions
and choices about his/her role in life.

51
Q

Characteristics Adolescent Tasks

A

→Exploration of selves through others (idols).

→Isolation and rejection problems.

52
Q

Development as independent

A

School age -identify with their family or parents as role
models.
→Early Adolescence: taking issue
Mid Adolescence - teen ambivalence: retreating
→Late Adolescence: comfortable being away from home
& unfamiliar situation.

53
Q

Impact on Parents

A

→Confusing and bewildering.
→Hurtful of not being close.
→Angry that teens seem to contract everything they say.
→Will need reassurance about normality of the process.

54
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

A

Genital Stage:
→Age range: puberty-death.
→Erogenous zone: maturing sexual interest.
→Consequences of psychologic fixation: frigidity,
impotence.

55
Q

Level 2:MORAL DEVELOPMENT

A

Conventional Morality: 10- 15 years old

56
Q

→Wanting to be nice.
→Finds peer approval very important.
→Feels that intentions are as important as deeds.
→Begin to put himself/herself in another’s shoes
(empathy) and think from another perspective

A

Stage 3: Good Boy: Good Girl Orientation

57
Q 
→At this stage consider society as a whole when making
judgment.
→Begin to be an activist.
→Duty doer who believes in rigid rules.
→Respects authority.
→Supports the rights of majority
→Part of about 80% of the population does not progress
or past on stage 4.
A

Stage 4: Law and Social Order: 10 – 15 years old

58
Q

→To account for the differing values.
→Believes in the greatest amount of good for the greatest
number of people.
→Consensus (everyone agrees).
→Respect the rights of the minority especially the rights of
individual.
→Believes that change in the law is possible but only
through the system

A

Stage 5: Legalistic Social Contract: 16 years old and above

59
Q

→Abstract reasoning.
→Follow internalized principles of justice even if they have
conflict with laws and rules.
→Believes that there are higher moral principles than
those represented with social rules and customs.
→Willing to accept the consequences for disobedience of
the social rule he or she has rejected.
→Believes that dignity of humanity is sacred and that all
humans have value.

A

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

60
Q

4 General Types:Risk Taking Behavior

A

→Teenage sexuality;
→Alcohol / drug use:
→Delinquency / antisocial behavior:
→School failure / underachievement:

61
Q

Resistance to stress, flexibility, adaptability, good coping.

A

RESILIENCY

62
Q

Steps in Decision Making:

A

→Identify the situation/problem
→Weigh your options
→Decide

63
Q

5 DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENCE

A

Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial, Psychosexual, Moral

64
Q

displayed by increased
modesty and embarrassment with their current
physical development or may exhibit itself in an
increased interest in the opposite/same sex.

A

Awareness of sexuality

65
Q

Gay and lesbian adolescents: timing of dating
experience is delayed or influenced by acceptance of
homosexuality or attitudes toward homosexuality.

A

Heterosexual dating patterns

66
Q

influence activities, style,

music, idols and role models.

A

Identification with peer group

67
Q
  • Hormonal Changes
  • Sexual Maturation
  • Physical Growth
  • Brain Development
A

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

68
Q

▪Adrenal glands

▪Sex glands

A

Adrenarche; Gonadarche

69
Q

maturation of adrenal glands and sex glands

A

hormonal changes

70
Q

priming the body to behave in a certain way once

puberty begins

A

Organizational Role

71
Q

triggering certain behavioral and physical changes

A

Activational Role

72
Q

testes primarily release______, and
the ovaries release____ ; the production of
these hormones_____ gradually until sexual
maturation is met.

A

testosterone; estrogen; increases

73
Q

TANNER STAGES

A

Development of
breasts and penis and
pubic hair

74
Q

Ranges for SMR 1

– SMR 5

A

Puberty ; Adult

75
Q

Rapid increase in height and weight due to release

of

A

growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and

androgens

76
Q

The first places to grow are the —-(head,
hands, and feet), followed by the arms and legs, and
later the ____

A

extremities ; torso and shoulders

77
Q

T/F : •‘More fats in males’, ‘more muscles on females’.

A

F

78
Q

T/F: •An adolescent’s heart and lungs increase in both size
and capacity during puberty; these changes
contribute to increased strength and tolerance for
exercise.

A

T

79
Q

Executive Function of brain-
Transition from ABSTRACT thinking to more
concrete thinking (T/F)

A

F: concrete to abstract

80
Q

Increased ability to draw_____ in

scientific pursuits, with peer / social interactions

A

LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS

81
Q

the process by which one focuses

on one stimulus while tuning out another

A

selective

attention

82
Q

the ability to
pay attention to two or more stimuli at the
same time.

A

divided attention

83
Q

Improvements are seen in both working

memory and long-term memory.

A

memory

84
Q

use mnemonic
devices and other strategies to think more
efficiently.

A

organization

85
Q

ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action, and provide alternative explanations
of events.

A

metacogntion

86
Q

ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining

psychosexual childhood conflicts.

A

genital stage

87
Q

•As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is
centered upon the genitalia but the sexuality is
consensual and adult, rather than solitary and
infantile.(T/F)

A

T

88
Q

presence of risk factors – does not always guarantee a negative
outcome will occur but increases the probability;
e.g., being raised by a single parent(T/F)

A

T

89
Q

presence of protective factors – buffer, modify, or ameliorate an
individual’s reaction to a situation; e.g., being raised
by a single but caring parent supported by others(T/F)

A

T

PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD (6 decks)

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