adulthood

Question 1

how does nature affect intelligence?

Answer 1

structure of the prefrontal cortex
50% variability in heritability

Question 2

how does nurture affect intelligence?

Answer 2

education, health, culture, stressors, and substance abuse

Question 3

what type of design was used in the Seattle intelligence study?

Answer 3

crossequential: a mix of longitudinal, cross-sectional and cohort

Question 4

what were the findings of the Seattle intelligence study?

Answer 4

spatial orientation and inductive reasoning begin to decline at the same time for men and women (~53) verbal meaning and word fluency declines faster in men. number ability declines first in women.

Question 5

hearing trends from adulthood through late adulthood

Answer 5

39% report some trouble with hearing
presbycusis: hearing loss due to senescence

Question 6

vision trends from adulthood through late adulthood

Answer 6

only 10% of men and 10% of women older than 65 see well without glasses.

Question 7

what is the definition of senescence?

Answer 7

Senescence is the biological process of aging, during which cells, tissues, and organisms undergo structural, functional, and molecular changes that lead to a decline in their physiological functions and an increased susceptibility to disease and death.

Question 8

how does senescence affect biosocial functioning in adulthood and late adulthood.

Answer 8

In adulthood, senescence can lead to a decline in physical and cognitive functioning, which can affect one’s ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence.

Question 9

how does senescence affect cognitive functioning in adulthood and late adulthood?

Answer 9

In adulthood, individuals may experience subtle declines in cognitive functioning, such as decreased processing speed, working memory, and attention.

Question 10

what is the difference between primary and secondary aging?

Answer 10

primary: universal and irreversible physical changes associated with age
secondary: specific illnesses and conditions associated with age but caused by genes, health habits, and person-level factors.

Question 11

Examples of compensation in adulthood and late adulthood due to the effects of senescence/aging.

Answer 11

increase thinking time, focus on one task at a time, use more areas of the brain, neuron growth, prospective memory (follow routines and utilize reminders), working memory (adequate processing time and paying attention)