adolescents and emerging adulthood Flashcards
natures affect on puberty
60% is explained by genes
African Americans experience puberty earlier than Asian Americans and European or Hispanic Americans
girls begin puberty a few months ahead of boys in terms of hormonal and sexual changes
nurtures affect on puberty
stress is linked to early puberty
malnourishment is linked to late set puberty
what is the relationship between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex in adolescents?
the limbic system develops my 15 but the prefrontal cortex isn’t developed until 25. this causes a lag in decision-making because emotions are at an all-time high with no judgment.
what is the diathesis-stress model? how does it work? what does it try to explain?
the diathesis-stress model is a theory that tried to explain the development of mental disorders as a combination of both biological or genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and exposure to stressful life events (stress). When a person with a high level of vulnerability is exposed to significant stressors or adverse life events, the combination of the two factors can trigger the onset of a mental disorder.
what is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism or system to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. It is a fundamental concept in biology, and it is essential for the survival and proper functioning of living organisms.
what is allostasis?
Allostasis is a concept related to homeostasis, but it refers to the adaptive physiological and behavioral changes that occur in response to stressors or challenges, rather than maintaining a stable internal environment. In contrast to homeostasis, which seeks to maintain stability, allostasis refers to the dynamic process of achieving stability through changes in physiological and behavioral responses.
Egocentrism is a cognitive characteristic in which an individual has difficulty understanding or taking into account the perspectives and experiences of others.
personal fable and invincibility fable. decreases by mid adolesents.
what is inductive reasoning? what part of adolescents has it relied on most?
bottom-up thinking. start with facts and use them to move to conclusions. heavily used before 14
what is deductive reasoning? what age is more prominent in adolescents?
general principles to deduce examples and hypotheticals. present after 14.
how is highschool curriculum consistent with formal operational thinking?
for math abstract thinking is brought up through the use and teaching of algebra.
for social studies, there is more of a focus on cultures, social and economic policies, philosophies, and religion, when looking at things like this you are in metacognition and combinatorial thinking.
what are characteristics of formal operational thought?
Abstract thinking, Hypothetical-deductive reasoning, Propositional thought, Metacognition, Logical thinking, Combinatorial thinking
what are the characteristics of cognitive flexibility? when does it appear?
hypothetical and abstract thinking. having multiple perspectives and solutions to things. more typical in adults than adolescents.
what are the characteristics of integrative thinking? when does appear?
dual processing: a blend of subjective and objective thought when drawing conclusions.
