ADULT MSD INTRO

Question 1

it is caused by injury or disease of one or more cranial or spinal nerve

Answer 1

Flaccid Dysarthria

Question 2

Reflect problems in the nuclei, axons, or neuromuscular junctions that make up the motor units of the final common pathway (FCP)

Answer 2

Flaccid Dysarthria

Question 3

Primary distinguishing deviant speech characteristics in flaccid dysarthria

Answer 3

muscle weakness and reduced muscle tone, and their e ffects on the speed, range and accuracy of speech movements.

Question 4

Flaccid Dysarthria involves problem in ___

Answer 4

Neuromuscular execution

Question 5

FD Primary clinical characteristics

Answer 5

• Weakness
• Hypotonia
• Diminished reflexes
• Atrophy
• Fasciculations and fibrillations
• Progressive weakness with use

Question 6

it would involved lesion in the lower motor neuron (LMN)

Answer 6

Flaccid Dysarthria

Question 7

Give me at least 2 of Etiologies of Flaccid Dysarthria

Answer 7

● Congenital: in your childhood MSD; present from birth
● Demyelinating
● Infectious/inflammatory
● Degenerative
● Metabolic
● Neoplastic
● Traumatic
● Vascular diseases: such as stroke

Question 8

What are the Clusters of Abnormal Speech Characteristics in Flaccid Dysarthrias

Answer 8

Phonatory and resonantory incompetence. Phonatory-prosodic insufficiency

Question 9

Breathiness, short phrases, audible inspiration

Answer 9

Phonatory Incompetence (FD)

Question 10

Hypernasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission, short phrases

Answer 10

Resonatory incompetence

Question 11

Harsh voice, monoloudness, monopitch

Answer 11

Phonatory-Prosodic Insufficiency

Question 12

Produced by bilateral damage to the direct and indirect activation pathways of the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 12

Spastic Dysarthria

Question 13

What makes Spastic Dysarthria different?

Answer 13

It is a combined e ect of weakness and spasticity in a manner that slows movement and reduces its range and force.

Question 14

Spastic Dysarthria involves a problem in

Answer 14

Neuromuscular execution

Question 15

Loss of fine, skilled movement, Hypotonia
Weakness (distal > proximal) Absent abdominal reflexes Babinski sign Hyporeflexia

Answer 15

Direct Activation Pathway (Pyramidal tract)

Question 16

Increased muscle tone, Spasticity, Clonus, Decorticate or decerebrate posture Hyperactive stretch reflexes, Hyperactive gag reflex

Answer 16

Indirect Activation Pathway, extrapyramidal tract

Question 17

people with spastic paralysis they common exhibit

Answer 17

decreased skill in movement and weakness from direct activation pathway. They also exhibit increased muscle tone and spasticity from indirect activation pathway

Question 18

Give me at least two of Etiologies: Spastic Dysarthria

Answer 18

● Degenerative
● Vascular
● Congenital
● Traumatic
● Inflammatory
● Toxic and metabolic diseas

Question 19

Patient complaint:

● Speech is slow and e ortful
● Fatigue with speaking
● Must speak more slowly to be understood, but the often admit that they are unable to speak any faster
● Swallowing complaints
● Lowered gag reflex threshold is increased
gagging when brushing teeth
● Drooling
● Pseudobulbar a ect

Answer 19

Spastic Dysarthria

Question 20

May be manifest in any or all of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory levels of speech, but its characteristics are most evident in articulation and prosody

Answer 20

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 21

Reflects the e ects of incoordination and perhaps reduced muscle tone, the products of which are slowness and inaccuracy in the force, range, timing, and direction of speech movements

Answer 21

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 22

Reflects problem in motor control

Answer 22

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 23

Most commonly associated with bilateral or di use cerebellar disease

Answer 23

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 24

Give me at least 1 of Etiologies: Ataxic Dysarthria

Answer 24

Damages the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuit can cause ataxic dysarthria
○ degenerative
○ demyelinating
○ vascular
○ neoplastic
○ inflammatory/infectious
○ endocrine
○ structural
○ traumatic
○ immune-mediated
○ toxic or metabolic diseases

Question 25

Patient Perceptions and Complain:

Slurred, they also often refer to the drunken quality of their speech, either as they perceive it or as others have commented

an inability to coordinate their breathing with speaking

Reduced intelligibility

Answer 25

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 26

manifest in any or all of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory levels of speech, but its characteristics are most evident in voice, articulation, and prosody

Answer 26

Hypokinetic dysarthria

Question 27

Reflects the e ects of rigidity, reduced force and range of movement, and slow individual but sometimes fast repetitive movements on speech

Answer 27

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Question 28

Patient Perceptions and Complaints
● Report that others tell them their voice is quieter or weak, they often deny or minimize such changes themselves
● Rate is too fast or that words are indistinct are common
● “Hard to get speech started”

Answer 28

Ataxic Dysarthria