ADULT MSD INTRO Flashcards
it is caused by injury or disease of one or more cranial or spinal nerve
Flaccid Dysarthria
Reflect problems in the nuclei, axons, or neuromuscular junctions that make up the motor units of the final common pathway (FCP)
Flaccid Dysarthria
Primary distinguishing deviant speech characteristics in flaccid dysarthria
muscle weakness and reduced muscle tone, and their e ffects on the speed, range and accuracy of speech movements.
Flaccid Dysarthria involves problem in ___
Neuromuscular execution
FD Primary clinical characteristics
- Weakness
- Hypotonia
- Diminished reflexes
- Atrophy
- Fasciculations and fibrillations
- Progressive weakness with use
it would involved lesion in the lower motor neuron (LMN)
Flaccid Dysarthria
Give me at least 2 of Etiologies of Flaccid Dysarthria
● Congenital: in your childhood MSD; present from birth
● Demyelinating
● Infectious/inflammatory
● Degenerative
● Metabolic
● Neoplastic
● Traumatic
● Vascular diseases: such as stroke
What are the Clusters of Abnormal Speech Characteristics in Flaccid Dysarthrias
Phonatory and resonantory incompetence. Phonatory-prosodic insufficiency
Breathiness, short phrases, audible inspiration
Phonatory Incompetence (FD)
Hypernasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission, short phrases
Resonatory incompetence
Harsh voice, monoloudness, monopitch
Phonatory-Prosodic Insufficiency
Produced by bilateral damage to the direct and indirect activation pathways of the central nervous system (CNS)
Spastic Dysarthria
What makes Spastic Dysarthria different?
It is a combined e ect of weakness and spasticity in a manner that slows movement and reduces its range and force.
Spastic Dysarthria involves a problem in
Neuromuscular execution
Loss of fine, skilled movement, Hypotonia
Weakness (distal > proximal) Absent abdominal reflexes Babinski sign Hyporeflexia
Direct Activation Pathway (Pyramidal tract)
Increased muscle tone, Spasticity, Clonus, Decorticate or decerebrate posture Hyperactive stretch reflexes, Hyperactive gag reflex
Indirect Activation Pathway, extrapyramidal tract
people with spastic paralysis they common exhibit
decreased skill in movement and weakness from direct activation pathway. They also exhibit increased muscle tone and spasticity from indirect activation pathway
Give me at least two of Etiologies: Spastic Dysarthria
● Degenerative
● Vascular
● Congenital
● Traumatic
● Inflammatory
● Toxic and metabolic diseas
Patient complaint:
● Speech is slow and e ortful
● Fatigue with speaking
● Must speak more slowly to be understood, but the often admit that they are unable to speak any faster
● Swallowing complaints
● Lowered gag reflex threshold is increased
gagging when brushing teeth
● Drooling
● Pseudobulbar a ect
Spastic Dysarthria
May be manifest in any or all of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory levels of speech, but its characteristics are most evident in articulation and prosody
Ataxic Dysarthria
Reflects the e ects of incoordination and perhaps reduced muscle tone, the products of which are slowness and inaccuracy in the force, range, timing, and direction of speech movements
Ataxic Dysarthria
Reflects problem in motor control
Ataxic Dysarthria
Most commonly associated with bilateral or di use cerebellar disease
Ataxic Dysarthria
Give me at least 1 of Etiologies: Ataxic Dysarthria
Damages the cerebellum or cerebellar control circuit can cause ataxic dysarthria
○ degenerative
○ demyelinating
○ vascular
○ neoplastic
○ inflammatory/infectious
○ endocrine
○ structural
○ traumatic
○ immune-mediated
○ toxic or metabolic diseases
