Adult Learning Theories Flashcards
What is Andragogy?
The process of helping adults learn
“Motivation by practical application”
What is Pedagogy?
The process of teaching, particularly teaching children.
“Learning for the sake of learning”
What are the 6 principles of Andragogy?
Developed by Malcolm Knowles
- Need to know - Explain the why to establish buy in
- Experience - (Learning is easier when we build on existing knowledge
- Self Concept - Adults need to be responsible for their learning decisions
- Readiness - Adults learn best when training is used to solve an immediate problem. (Motivation)
- Problem Orientation - Training is focused on helping to acquire specific SKA’s rather than general content.
- Intrinsic Motivation - Motivation comes from within
What is Cognitivism Theory?
Training the mind to learn by thinking
Group Learning by interaction (Discussion boards, Group projects, or Lab work)
Learning is an internal process (Short and long term memory)
Methods of teaching include: Lectures, visual aids, Mind maps, Charts, Flashcards
Best Assessments include - Multiple Choice and Essay Assessments
What is Behaviorism Theory?
Biology drives behavior without mental control. Learning occurs through the reinforcement of desired responses (responding to stimuli is uncontrollable)
Positive reinforcement - The idea that a grade is the concept of performance and rewards.
Teaching methods (Lectures, Drills/Practice, Route learning)
Assessment types - Multiple Choice Tests
What is Constructivism Theory?
Knowledge is accumulated through experience and self reflection.
Learners build on personal experience and are active and social in the learning process.
Methods include: Discovery, Collaborative group work, Scaffolding, Self guided learning based on personal experience.
Assessments - Peer Review/Grading
What is Connectivism Theory?
Learning is self directed.
Learning via nodes (Content source, people, groups within network)
Methods include Self directed quests for content, Sharing of content, spontaneous learning groups
Assessments - Creates knowledge or collaborates
Which approach is most effective when participants need to memorize and retain information?
COGNITIVE APPROACH
Examples include work procedures, product knowledge, or organizational policies.
What are the four stages of learning?
Noel Birch
- Unconscious Incompetent - The learner doesn’t know what they don’t know.
- Conscious Incompetent - The learner is aware that they don’t know.
- Conscious Competent - The learner can do something at a minimal level, feel self conscious about it.
- Unconscious Competent - The learner know something so well that they no longer have to think about it.
How is the Cognitive Approach effective?
It focuses on helping participants memorize information through active participation
How is the Behaviorist approach active and effective?
It focuses on having participants demonstrate their skills
How is the Constructivist Approach active and effective?
It focuses on helping participants discover new ideas or concept through experiential learning.
