Adult I - FINAL Exam

Question 1

Presbyopia

Answer 1

age-related loss of the eye’s abiltiy to focus on close objects.
Begins around 30s-40s
S/S: HA, eye strain, blurred vision, poor depth perception, diplopia

Question 2

Open Angle Glaucoma

Answer 2

Most common.
Aqueous humor outflow is decreased due to blockage. High IOP disturbes the functional/structural integrity of the optic nerve.

Question 3

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Answer 3

Age
Infection
Tumors
Diabetes Mellitus
Genetic predisposition

Question 4

Acute Angle Glaucoma

Answer 4

Sudden onset. Angle between iris and sclera suddenly closes causing corresponding high IOP.

True Emergency!! Damages vision over hours/days

Question 5

Risk Factors for Acute Angle Glaucoma

Answer 5

Anatomic predisposition

Question 6

Assessment for Presbyopia

Answer 6

AGE!
HA
eye strain
blurred vision
poor depth perception
diplopia
Close or favor one eye
Poor hand/eye coordination
Diagnostic: Opthalmoscopy, VA, tonometry, Gonioscopy (slit lamp)

Question 7

Cataracts- Medications

Answer 7

Pre-Op Dilating Drop- Cholinesterase inhibitor (Atropine 1%)- medication takes over 24hrs to begin working

Acetazolamide (Diamox) oral med administered Pre-op t reduce IOP, dilate pupils & create eye paralysis to decrease movement

Question 8

Patient education for Cataracts

Answer 8

Prevention

• Wear sunglasses (avoid UV exposure)
• Eye protection (avoid trauma)
• Annual eye exam

Post Op

• Wear sunglasses (bc dilation)
• Report S/S infection
• Avoid activities that increase IOP
• Limit activities
• Report pain w/ N/V
• Best vision not expected until 4-6 weeks after surgery
• Report any changes in vision, swelling, pain, visual disturbances

Question 9

Retinal detachment

Answer 9

PAINLESS separation of the retina from the epithelium. Resulting in the loss of vision in fields corresponding to the separation
-MEDICAL EMERGENCY seek MD immediately

Question 10

Assessment & S/S of Retinal detachment

Answer 10

• Onset is abrupt
• Bright flashes of light
• Floaters
• “Curtain”
• Sudden loss of vision without pain
• Diagnostic: ophthalmoscope examination

Question 11

Patient education for retinal detachment

Answer 11

Avoid activities increasing IOP: bending, sneezing, coughing, straining, vomiting, head hyperflexion, restrictive clothing (collar)

Retinal rebinding avoid: rapid eye movement (reading, writing), sunglasses, rest the eye)
Contact MD if pain, discharge or bleed.

Question 12

Age-related Macular degeneration

Answer 12

deterioration of the macula (loss of CENTRAL vision). Most common is Dry (rentinal capillary blockage). Wet AMD is growth of new blood vessels in the macula, the thin walls leak blood and fluid.

Wet=bad

Question 13

Exudative macular degeneration

Answer 13

is also wet but can occur at any age

Question 14

Interventions for Macular Degeneration

Answer 14

Suggest alternative strategies (large print books, public transportation, adaptive equipment)

Question 15

S/S Macular degeneration

Answer 15

Loss of central vision beginning with blurring and visual distortion.

Question 16

Safety with Presbyopia

Answer 16

Monitor for safety risks such as ability to drive safely and intervene and reduce risks

Question 17

Atherosclerosis Risk Factors

Answer 17

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Question 18

PVD (Arterial)

Answer 18

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Question 19

PVD (Arterial) Patient teaching

Answer 19

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Question 20

CVI (Venous) Patient teaching

Answer 20

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Question 21

DVT Complications

Answer 21

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Question 22

DVT S/S

Answer 22

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Question 23

DVT Patient teaching

Answer 23

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Question 24

DVT Medications

Answer 24

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Question 25

PVD/CVI Surgery Assessment

Answer 25

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Question 26

S/S for PVD/CVI Surgery

Answer 26

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Question 27

PVD/CVI Surgery Intervention

Answer 27

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Question 28

PVD/CVI Surgery patient teaching

Answer 28

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Question 29

Arterial/Venous Ulcer Assessment

Answer 29

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Question 30

Arterial/Venous Ulcer S/S

Answer 30

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