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NUR 321 > Adult Heath Promotion > Flashcards

Adult Heath Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What age range is young adulthood?

A

18-35 years of age

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2
Q

What are key milestones for young adults?

A

Economic independence, committed long-term relationship, independent decision-making

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3
Q

When is physical growth completed?

A

17 years for females
21 years for males

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4
Q

What is the psychosocial development for young adults?

A

Intimacy versus isolation

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5
Q

Describe intimacy versus isolation.

A
  • Young adult’s task is making attachments to others
  • Seek meaningful friendships and intimate relationships
    -Isolation occurs when the young adult avoids making commitment to others
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6
Q

What are life-changing adjustments for young adults?

A

-Adjusting to career change or career move
- Adjusting to relocation
- Balancing multiple roles
- Developing long-term goals for family security

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of young adulthood?

A

-Healthiest time of life
- Peak abilities (venturesome, daring, enterprising, aggressive)
- Abstract, analytical thinking
- Less experience with death of significant others
- Risk takers
- Lack of fear

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8
Q

What are challenges to young adults?

A
  • More life changes needing adaptation leading to stress
  • Can be positive or negative
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9
Q

What are normative stressors for young adults?

A

Marriage, having children, and starting a career

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10
Q

What are other (negative) stressors for young adults?

A

Miscarriage, serious illness, divorce

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11
Q

Describe achievement-oriented stress in young adults.

A
  • Internal pressure to succeed defined goals (workaholic habits)
  • Can be serious both physically and emotionally leading to nutrition problems and burnout
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12
Q

What are health risks in young adulthood?

A

-Originate in the community, lifestyle patterns, and family history
- Unintentional injuries
- Substance use
- Violence
- Suicide
- Risky sexual behavior
- workplace hazards

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13
Q

What is the focus on disease prevention and health promotion in young adults?

A
  • Check-up every 1-2 years
  • This group is less likely to have wellness visits leading to less preventative services
  • Developing behaviors that promote a healthy lifestyle
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14
Q

Describe health promotion for sleep in young adults.

A
  • Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US
  • subject to fatigue due to work, stress and inactivity
  • Recommend to change activity or stressors, try out new tasks or physical activity, and promote sleep hygiene
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15
Q

Describe unintended pregnancy in young adults.

A
  • Half of unplanned pregnancies are caused by contraceptive failure
  • Nurses role in contraceptive counseling is to help clients choose method most appropriate to their needs
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16
Q

Describe depression in young adults.

A
  • Caused by stressors related to coping and adulthood
  • New relationships or change in relationships, independence, work or unemployment, dissatisfaction with choices such as school or career
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17
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of depression?

A

Crying, difficulty socializing, not leaving the house, eating pattern changes, sleep pattern changes, losing interest/pleasure in doing things, issues with concentration, often a friend or relative is one to recognize the problem

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18
Q

What are the effects of depression?

A

Suicide, substance abuse, eating disorders

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19
Q

What are general barrier to change for young adults?

A
  • Lack of motivation
  • Lack of knowledge
  • Insufficient skills to change health status
  • Undefined short and long-term goals
  • Lack of social support
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20
Q

What is the age range for middle adults?

A

36-64 years old

21
Q

What changes occur during middle adulthood?

A
  • Time of dynamic change (physiologic decline begins, but relatively healthy. Early lifestyle choices begin to yield cost or benefit)
  • Stage of major economic productivity and family responsibility for growing children and aging parents
22
Q

At what age does physiological changes occur?

A

Starts at 45

23
Q

What physiological changes occur in middle adults?

A

Hair grays, skin wrinkles, thickening of the waist, presbyopia (near-vision), menopause and climacteric

24
Q

What is the Erickson stage for middle adults?

A

Generativity versus stagnation

25
Q

Describe Generativity versus Stagnation

A
  • Primary task of middle age is Generativity, or establishing or guiding the next generation
    -Stagnation occurs when a person becomes self-absorbed, fails to care for others
    -Time for critical review
26
Q

Describe “midlife crisis”

A

-Recognize physical agility is declining, inevitability of one’s own death, mistakes made in the past, less time to make changes
-Result is acceptance
-Non-acceptance results in a true midlife crisis
-Make choices that affect others

27
Q

What are challenges for middle adults?

A

-Divorce of offspring
-Young adults moving back home
-Raising grandchildren

28
Q

What are life events with potential disruptive effects for middle adults?

A

-Two-or-more-job families
-Divorce
-Caring for aging parents
-Death of spouse
-Unintended pregnancies

29
Q

What are the leading causes of death in middle adults?

A

-Malignant neoplasms- 2nd leading cause of death
-Unintentional injuries
-Heart disease (leading cause of death over age 44)

30
Q

What are chronic conditions in middle adults?

A

Heart disease, arthritis, back and spine impairments, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, mental health conditions, dental disease

31
Q

What are sexuality-reproductive changes in middle adults?

A

-Changes in reproductive system
-Pregnancy
-STI’s (hidden risk group)

32
Q

What are factors influencing sexuality for middle adults?

A

Job stress, diminished health of one or both partners, and effects of some prescription medications

33
Q

What is the recommendations for exercise in middle adults?

A

-30 minutes, 5 or more days/week (150 minutes)
-Continuous, rhythmic exercise (e.g., walking, jogging, swimming, bicycling)

34
Q

Describe sleep in middle adults.

A

Less time in deep sleep compared to young adults, less sleep compared to young adults, insomnia is common

35
Q

What are barrier to change for middle adults?

A

-Lack of materials
-Lack of social support
-Lack of motivation
-Lack of knowledge
-Insufficient skills to change habits
-Undefined goals

36
Q

What is the age range for older adults?

A

65 years or older

37
Q

Why are there so many older adults?

A

Improved standard of living, improved nutrition, progress in medical care, increased awareness of health consciousness

38
Q

What are common chronic conditions in older adults?

A

hypertension, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, chronic respiratory (COPD), and stroke

39
Q

What is stage 7 of Erikson’s developmental stages?

A

Generativity vs stagnation

40
Q

Describe Generativity versus Stagnation.

A

-Promotion of next generation
-Capacity for care

41
Q

What is stage 8 of Erikson’s developmental stages?

A

Integrity versus despair

42
Q

Describe Integrity vs despair.

A

-Acceptance of past life & life as it is now
-Reconciliation of what was hoped for and what is now
-Openness to life
-Serenity, wisdom
-Acceptance of death

43
Q

What causes self-perception changes due to role change in older adults?

A

Children are independent, death or illness of loved ones, retirement, changes in health status, becoming a grandparent

44
Q

What are misconceptions about older adulthood?

A

-Disease is normal and unavoidable
-Health promotion is not important for older adults since their lives are almost over
-Damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible
-Ageist beliefs about older adults

45
Q

What are normal physical changes in older adults?

A

Integumentary, neuromuscular, sensory/perceptual, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, genitals, immunological, endocrine

46
Q

Describe benign forgetfulness.

A

Modest loss in short term memory.
-Forgets, then remembers
-Forgets unimportant events
-May repeat stories over time
-Uses mental retracing, reminders, notes to compensate

47
Q

What is polypharmacy?

A

The use of multiple medications.
-Often duplicate for the same health problem
-1/3 of all older adults take 5 or medications
-Substance abuse is a growing problem

48
Q

Describe older adult abuse.

A

-Intentional or neglect that leads to harm
-Physical, emotional, verbal, financial, sexual, and abandonment
-Highest risk: older adult women dependent on a caregiver
-Nurses need to be aware of the problem and report

NUR 321 (4 decks)

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