Adult Heath Promotion Flashcards
What age range is young adulthood?
18-35 years of age
What are key milestones for young adults?
Economic independence, committed long-term relationship, independent decision-making
When is physical growth completed?
17 years for females
21 years for males
What is the psychosocial development for young adults?
Intimacy versus isolation
Describe intimacy versus isolation.
- Young adult’s task is making attachments to others
- Seek meaningful friendships and intimate relationships
-Isolation occurs when the young adult avoids making commitment to others
What are life-changing adjustments for young adults?
-Adjusting to career change or career move
- Adjusting to relocation
- Balancing multiple roles
- Developing long-term goals for family security
What are some characteristics of young adulthood?
-Healthiest time of life
- Peak abilities (venturesome, daring, enterprising, aggressive)
- Abstract, analytical thinking
- Less experience with death of significant others
- Risk takers
- Lack of fear
What are challenges to young adults?
- More life changes needing adaptation leading to stress
- Can be positive or negative
What are normative stressors for young adults?
Marriage, having children, and starting a career
What are other (negative) stressors for young adults?
Miscarriage, serious illness, divorce
Describe achievement-oriented stress in young adults.
- Internal pressure to succeed defined goals (workaholic habits)
- Can be serious both physically and emotionally leading to nutrition problems and burnout
What are health risks in young adulthood?
-Originate in the community, lifestyle patterns, and family history
- Unintentional injuries
- Substance use
- Violence
- Suicide
- Risky sexual behavior
- workplace hazards
What is the focus on disease prevention and health promotion in young adults?
- Check-up every 1-2 years
- This group is less likely to have wellness visits leading to less preventative services
- Developing behaviors that promote a healthy lifestyle
Describe health promotion for sleep in young adults.
- Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the US
- subject to fatigue due to work, stress and inactivity
- Recommend to change activity or stressors, try out new tasks or physical activity, and promote sleep hygiene
Describe unintended pregnancy in young adults.
- Half of unplanned pregnancies are caused by contraceptive failure
- Nurses role in contraceptive counseling is to help clients choose method most appropriate to their needs
Describe depression in young adults.
- Caused by stressors related to coping and adulthood
- New relationships or change in relationships, independence, work or unemployment, dissatisfaction with choices such as school or career
What are some signs and symptoms of depression?
Crying, difficulty socializing, not leaving the house, eating pattern changes, sleep pattern changes, losing interest/pleasure in doing things, issues with concentration, often a friend or relative is one to recognize the problem
What are the effects of depression?
Suicide, substance abuse, eating disorders
What are general barrier to change for young adults?
- Lack of motivation
- Lack of knowledge
- Insufficient skills to change health status
- Undefined short and long-term goals
- Lack of social support
What is the age range for middle adults?
36-64 years old
What changes occur during middle adulthood?
- Time of dynamic change (physiologic decline begins, but relatively healthy. Early lifestyle choices begin to yield cost or benefit)
- Stage of major economic productivity and family responsibility for growing children and aging parents
At what age does physiological changes occur?
Starts at 45
What physiological changes occur in middle adults?
Hair grays, skin wrinkles, thickening of the waist, presbyopia (near-vision), menopause and climacteric
What is the Erickson stage for middle adults?
Generativity versus stagnation
Describe Generativity versus Stagnation
- Primary task of middle age is Generativity, or establishing or guiding the next generation
-Stagnation occurs when a person becomes self-absorbed, fails to care for others
-Time for critical review
Describe “midlife crisis”
-Recognize physical agility is declining, inevitability of one’s own death, mistakes made in the past, less time to make changes
-Result is acceptance
-Non-acceptance results in a true midlife crisis
-Make choices that affect others
What are challenges for middle adults?
-Divorce of offspring
-Young adults moving back home
-Raising grandchildren
What are life events with potential disruptive effects for middle adults?
-Two-or-more-job families
-Divorce
-Caring for aging parents
-Death of spouse
-Unintended pregnancies
What are the leading causes of death in middle adults?
-Malignant neoplasms- 2nd leading cause of death
-Unintentional injuries
-Heart disease (leading cause of death over age 44)
What are chronic conditions in middle adults?
Heart disease, arthritis, back and spine impairments, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, mental health conditions, dental disease
What are sexuality-reproductive changes in middle adults?
-Changes in reproductive system
-Pregnancy
-STI’s (hidden risk group)
What are factors influencing sexuality for middle adults?
Job stress, diminished health of one or both partners, and effects of some prescription medications
What is the recommendations for exercise in middle adults?
-30 minutes, 5 or more days/week (150 minutes)
-Continuous, rhythmic exercise (e.g., walking, jogging, swimming, bicycling)
Describe sleep in middle adults.
Less time in deep sleep compared to young adults, less sleep compared to young adults, insomnia is common
What are barrier to change for middle adults?
-Lack of materials
-Lack of social support
-Lack of motivation
-Lack of knowledge
-Insufficient skills to change habits
-Undefined goals
What is the age range for older adults?
65 years or older
Why are there so many older adults?
Improved standard of living, improved nutrition, progress in medical care, increased awareness of health consciousness
What are common chronic conditions in older adults?
hypertension, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, asthma, chronic respiratory (COPD), and stroke
What is stage 7 of Erikson’s developmental stages?
Generativity vs stagnation
Describe Generativity versus Stagnation.
-Promotion of next generation
-Capacity for care
What is stage 8 of Erikson’s developmental stages?
Integrity versus despair
Describe Integrity vs despair.
-Acceptance of past life & life as it is now
-Reconciliation of what was hoped for and what is now
-Openness to life
-Serenity, wisdom
-Acceptance of death
What causes self-perception changes due to role change in older adults?
Children are independent, death or illness of loved ones, retirement, changes in health status, becoming a grandparent
What are misconceptions about older adulthood?
-Disease is normal and unavoidable
-Health promotion is not important for older adults since their lives are almost over
-Damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible
-Ageist beliefs about older adults
What are normal physical changes in older adults?
Integumentary, neuromuscular, sensory/perceptual, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, genitals, immunological, endocrine
Describe benign forgetfulness.
Modest loss in short term memory.
-Forgets, then remembers
-Forgets unimportant events
-May repeat stories over time
-Uses mental retracing, reminders, notes to compensate
What is polypharmacy?
The use of multiple medications.
-Often duplicate for the same health problem
-1/3 of all older adults take 5 or medications
-Substance abuse is a growing problem
Describe older adult abuse.
-Intentional or neglect that leads to harm
-Physical, emotional, verbal, financial, sexual, and abandonment
-Highest risk: older adult women dependent on a caregiver
-Nurses need to be aware of the problem and report
