Adult Health (exam)

Question 1

Middle adulthood

Answer 1

40-64

Question 2

Late adulthood

Answer 2

65 +

Question 3

Challenges associated with late adulthood

Answer 3

Increased dependence on others
Poor health/ increasing likelihood of having health conditions
E.g dementia
Death of partner, friends, acquaintances

Question 4

Early adulthood

Answer 4

18-39

Question 5

DALY’s

Answer 5

Disability adjusted life years
A measure of the burden of disease: one DALY is equivalent to one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

Question 6

Difference between YLL and YLD

Answer 6

YLL: years of life lost (premature death)
YLD: years of life lived / lost with a disability
YLD + YLL = DALY

Question 7

Burden of disease

Answer 7

A measure of the impact of disease and injuries specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disability and disease.
Measured in DALY’s

Question 8

Differences in health status of non-indigenous and indigenous Australians

Answer 8

Indigenous Australians have lower health.
Indigenous Australians have higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption and poorer housing facilities and less access to high-quality food supplies and health services.
Their life expectancy rates are at least 11.5 years below that of non-indigenous Australians with 70% dying before 65.

Question 9

National health priority area

Answer 9

Obesity

Question 10

Define obesity

Answer 10

Relates to carrying excess body weight in the form of fat.
Measured in two ways:
Body mass index (BMI) and for adults a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
Waist measurement: for females over 89 cm and males over 102 cm.

Question 11

Why is it a health concern

Answer 11

With a change in lifestyle through education and awareness, obesity is often largely preventable.
Obesity has a strong relationship with the development of many other conditions such as:
Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disease

Question 12

Two determinants that are a risk for obesity

Answer 12

Behavioural

Social

Question 13

Behaviour as a determinant for obesity

Answer 13

• exercise: if an individual receives an inadequate amount of exercise, then an inadequate amount of energy is burnt and fat will accumulate leading to weight gain.
• diet: if the individual consumes foods high in fat and simple carbohydrates, this ads large amounts of kilojoules to the body when not burnt turn into fat and put the individual at a higher risk of being overweight.
• alcohol consumption: alcohol is high in kilojoules which is a form of energy and when this is not burnt off, then it is converted to fat and this build up of fat puts an individual at more chance of becoming obese.

Question 14

Social determinant for obesity

Answer 14

Education: people who lack the education and therefore knowledge of exercise and an important diet will be more likely to be obese due to not exercising and consuming an unhealthy diet
Food security: People who can’t afford or can’t access a healthy food supply may rely on processed food, which tends to be higher in fat and sugar and low in fibre, therefore adding kilojoules to the diet increasing the chances of becoming obese.

Question 15

Program for addressing obesity

Answer 15

Swap it don’t stop it program

Question 16

The swap it don’t stop it program

Answer 16

Provides individuals with ways that they can keep their lifestyle but still manage to be healthy with a healthy body weight. This program was introduced by the Australian government and provides individuals with information about obesity, such as the waist measurements that put individuals at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and ways of reducing this risk by swapping and not stopping. 
.swap big for small
.swap often for sometimes (unhealthy, high fat, sugar, salt diet) 
.swap sitting for moving 
.swap watching for playing.
Examples. 
Swap the lift for the stairs.
Swap fried for fresh (chips for a salad)