Adult Health: Exam 2

Question 1

Maintenance and Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 1

Maintenance: Start screening at age 50, Decrease in animal fats (especially red meats), increasing fruits, vegetables and high fiber foods

Risk Factors: Being African-American, age 65+

Question 2

Early and Advanced CMs for Prostate Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 2

Early: [DIFFICULTY PEEING] Urinary retention, Frequent bladder infections, Difficulty starting urination

Advanced: Hematuria, Swollen lymph nodes, unusual weight loss

Question 3

Diagnostics for Prostate Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 3

Labs: Prostate Specific Antigen (< 2.5 ng/mL - 6.5 ng/mL), Early Prostate Cancer Antigen (very sensitive), Elevated serum acid phosphate (advances with disease), Transrectal ultrasound, Biopsy

Question 4

Interventions for Prostate Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 4

1. Active Surveillance until it becomes bothersome (slow growing cancer)
2. Radiation or Drug therapy as adjunct to surgery or alternative
3. Surgery: Prostatectomy (removal), Bilateral orchiectomy (removing testicles)

Question 5

Assessments for Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 5

Acute: Urethritis (conjunctive disease), fever, chills, dysuria, urethral discharge, boggy/tender prostate

Chronic (older men): Hesitancy, urgency, dysuria, difficulty initiating/terminating urine flow, decreased strenght/volume

Question 6

Treatment and Complications for Prostatitis
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 6

Treatment: Antibiotics

Complications: Epididymitis and Cystitis (bladder)

Question 7

CMs of Testicular Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 7

Rare, Men between 20-35 years old

Question 8

Diagnostics of Testicular Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 8

Labs: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Beta human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ultrasonography, CT and MRI (Metastasis)

Question 9

Interventions for Testicular Cancer
Topic: Male Reproductive Problems

Answer 9

Surgical: Orchiectomy (Removing testicles), Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

Non-surgical: Chemo, Radiation therapy

Question 10

Things to Analyze with an ECG Rhythm
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 10

Determining heart rate and rhythm, analyzing P waves, PR Intervals (.12-.20 second; start of P wave to start of QRS), QRS duration (.6-.12 second; start of QRS to end of S wave), ST segment (elevation or depression; should be level)

Question 11

Normal Sinus Rhythm
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 11

60-100 bpm, atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular, one P wave per QRS complex, present and consistent, PR Interval and QRS duration is within limits and constant

Question 12

Sinus Arhythmia and Intervention
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 12

NSR except atrial and ventricular rhythms are irregular (PP or RR interval at least .12 second off from longest interval)
Intervention: None required

Question 13

Sinus Tachycardia + Causes and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 13

NSR except HR > 100
Causes: Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, some medications
Interventions: Digoxin (AV Node slowing), Calcium Channel Blockers (Slows HR)

Question 14

Sinus Bradycardia and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 14

NSR except HR < 60; some can tolerate low HR
Interventions: (If symptomatic): Artopine (increases HR), IV fluids, Oxygen, monitor VS, pacing may be required

Question 15

Premature Atrial Complexes and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 15

NSR except premature P waves, PACs followed by a pause, may result in heart palpitations
Interventions: None required unless frequent

Question 16

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 16

HR = 100-280; Can be nonsustained (self-resolving) or sustained (SOB, chest angina, anxiety, hypotension, syncope)
Interventions: Amiodarone (slows down HR, specific to SVT)

Question 17

Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 17

HR and Rhythm is fast and irregular, relatively undiscerible P waves, no way to measure the PR interval (Basically QRS, then weird squiggles)
Interventions: Antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel), Anticoagulants (Heparin, Enoxaparin, Warfarin),Digoxin (HF and AF), Beta-blockers (-lol and Brevibloc to slow ventricular response and calcium channel blockers)

Question 18

Premature Ventricular Complexes and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 18

QRS is wide and wonky, followed by a pause

Question 19

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)

Answer 19

HR = 101-250, wide and weird QRS is only thing visible
Interventions Amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate,cardioversion, debrillation

Question 20

Ventricular Asystole
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 20

Nothing showing; no ventricular rhythms
Interventions: CPR, Airway management, ACLS protocol, epinephrine

Question 21

Ventricular Fibrillation and Interventions and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 21

Electrical chaos, no distinguishable parts
Interventions: Amiodarone

Question 21

Ventricular Fibrillation and Interventions
Topic: Heart Dysrhythmias

Answer 21

Electrical chaos, no distinguishable parts
Interventions: Amiodarone

Question 22

Pulmonary Edema with Symptoms and Interventions
Topic: Cardiac Problems

Answer 22

Pressure increase in lungs causing fluid leaks (crackles, tachy