Adult Care Flashcards
How much kidney damage must be done to see creatinine levels rise?
50% of damage
What do the s&s of AKI occur?
Due to retention of nitrogenous wastes, fluids and inability to regulate electrolytes.
What are the S&S of AKI?
Decreased urine output, increased fluid volume (HTN, edema and CHF), changes in LOC, uremia (N&V, pruritus, anorexia).
What is the priority care for AKI?
- Monitor electrolytes
- Monitor BP
- Monitor I+O plus daily weights
- Renal diet (low protein and high carb)
- Dialysis if needed.
What is priority care during dialysis?
Monitor for hypovolemic shock, monitor for bleeding, hold anti HTN and meds during dialysis, monitor for arterial seal syndrome, palpate thrill or auscultate for bruit to ensure fistula is patent.
What is normal GFR?
> 90%
What indicates end stage kidney disease?
<15%
How is HIV spread?
Blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions.
What precautions are needed for HIV client?
Contact only
What is scleroderma?
Inflammation, fibrosis and sclerosis of connective tissue = no cure.
Main complications of scleroderma?
Renal crisis = causes HTN due to narrowing of blood vessels to kidneys.
S&S of scleroderma?
Pain, stiff muscles, pitting edema, tight/shiny/thick skin, dysphagia, contractors.
How does Lyme disease present?
Ring shaped rash at any part of the body.
S&S of lupus?
Butterfly shaped rash, dry rash on upper body, fever, weakness, weight loss, photosensitivity, joint pain, red palms, anemia.
Priority care for client with lupus?
Mild soap on skin, frequent oral care, high vitamin/iron diet, conserve energy, avoid sun, topical corticosteroids.
Who is at high risk for HIV/AIDS?
Hetero or homosexuals involved with high risk person, IV drug user, receiving blood products, healthcare workers, babies born to infected mom.
What does IgA protect against?
Viral protection
What does IgE protect against?
Allergy & parasites.
What does IgG protect against?
Secondary antibody protection
What does IgM protect against?
Primary antibody protection.
What occurs in sickle cell crisis?
RBC cannot carry oxygen.
What worsens sickle cell crisis?
Inadequate O2 or hydration worsens this by making the RBC’s clump together = vaso-occlusion.
What is priority care for sickle cell crisis?
IV fluids and oxygen
What are warning signs of cancer?
Sore that doesn’t heal, indigestion, hoarseness, obvious change in wart or mole, lump in breast, unusual bleeding.
What are considerations for post-mastectomy?
DO NOT use limb, elevate to avoid lymphedema, avoid sun, avoid any type of constriction to that arm.
What are considerations for after radiation therapy?
Wash irritated area with water and soap daily, do not remove markings for radiation beam, do not use powders/lotions or creams, avoid any friction or tensions at the area, avoid exposure to sun.
When is it best for testicular self exam? How do you do it
Right after shower, gently lift each testicle and role between fingers to assess for abnormalities. Repeat in q1 month.
What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation?
To remove clotted blood from bladder.
What S&S do we report with use of continuous bladder irrigation?
Pain and spasm (indicates obstruction) or decreased output versus input (indicates clot or kink).
