Adrenocorticosteriods Flashcards
where are adrenocorticosteriods released from?
adrenal cortex
what is released by the adrenal cortex in response to the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which white blood cells?
neutrophils
for which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?
herpetic gingivostomatitis
for which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?
herpetic gingivostomatitis
what will be reduced/decreased when glucocorticoid is in excess?
secretion of growth hormone, bone formation, linear growth, and visceral obesity
what is the result when there is an excessive production of adrenocort?
cushings disease
which drug has super high potency in glucocorticoid activity?
Clobetasol propionate (Temovate)
where are corticost used most extensively in both medicine and dentistry?
inflammatory and allergic conditions
more often than not, patients with what condition do not normally require steroid supplementation for most routine dental procedures?
secondary adrenal insufficiency
without stress, the normal adult secretes approx how much hydrocortisone daily?
20 mg
when does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone occur in the body?
between 4am and 8am in people with a normal schedule
under the influence of what hormone does the pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hydrocortisone?
corticotropin-releasing hormone
what is secreted from the pitury gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone?
ACTH
What are the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteriods?
increased sodium retention, decreased potassium retention, edema, and hypertension
how are the adverse effects of glucocorticoids caused?
primarily an extension of their therapeutic actions
what is addison disease caused by?
produced by deficiency of adrenocorticosteriods
what is cushing syndrome caused by?
excess of adrenocorticosteriods
what are the characteristics of cushing syndrome?
moon (round) face, muscle wasting, and buffalo hump (fat deposit on back of neck)
patients who are on which corticosteriod regimen should be prescribed supplemental corticosteriods before a stressful dental procedure?
patients currently taking between 20-40 mg of hydrocortisone every day
inhibition of phospholipase A by steriods leads to decreased production of what?
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
because of the antiinflammatory action of this drug, they may decrease resistance to infection and also mask its symptoms
corticosteriods
what drug may mask symptoms of an infection, but also decreases a patients ability to fight infection by suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
adrenocorticosteriods
what are some adverse reactions of corticosteriods
cataracts, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and they increase intraocular pressure, which may exacerbate glaucoma
what dose of hydrocortisone would be equivalent to a 1mg dose of triamcinolone?
5mg oral dose
the mucosal surfaces are more likley to have an infection and are more friable when taking these drugs?
adrenocorticosteriods
what happens to endogenous corticosteriod levels in response to an especially stressful stimulus?
can increase tenfold
corticosteriods reduce resistance to what?
infection
is it true that supplemental steriods may be required if the patient has severe dental fears or for major surgical procedures?
do not need additional corticosteriods
what occurs because of a relative lack of corticosteriods during stress?
adrenal crisis
what do dental professionals need to know about adrenal crisis?
is a rare event in dentistry
negative feedback involves the action of adrenocorticosteriods on what parts of the body?
hypothalamus and pituary gland
