Adrenergic and Antiadrenergics

Question 1

Dopamine effects

Answer 1

Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction (Alpha 2 also can)

Beta 1: Heart, Aqueous Humor production

Question 2

Salbutamol and Side Effect

Answer 2

Beta 2: Lung, Bronchodilation, Vasodilation for muscles

Side Effect: Dose-dependent selectivity, hence escape to Beta 1 on heart: Palpitations, TC, Arrhythmia

Question 3

Mirabegron and Side Effect

Answer 3

Beta 3: Lipolysis, Inhibit Bladder
- for urinary incontinence (uncontrolled leakage!)

SE: Arrhythmia, TC

Question 4

Phenylephrine

Answer 4

Alpha 1: Decongestion effect

SE: Rebound Congestion

Question 5

Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Dopamine

Answer 5

Broads
- Hypotension, Shock, Cardiac Resus

SE: Hypertension, Reflex BC, then TC

Question 6

Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine

Answer 6

Indirect Cholinergic Agent

• compete w NA for vesicular space and MAO substrate; displace endogenous NA
• used as Decongestants

Question 7

Moclobemide

Answer 7

MOAI

Question 8

Tricyclic Antidepressants TCA

Answer 8

NA re-uptake through pre-synaptic uptake 1

Question 9

Alpha 1 Blocker eg Prazosin

Answer 9

Treat Hypertension, BPH

• Inhibit vasoconstriction (nose and visceral), increase blood pooling
• Postural Hypotension, Reflex TC
• Nose congestion, Initiate urination

Question 10

Function of beta blockers

Answer 10

Treat Hypertension, Angina, Arrhythmia
Treat Glaucoma (Beta 1 aqueous humor secretion)

• SE: Heart Failure, Bronchoconstriction, Bronchospasm;
• Contra-I: Asthma, Diabetes, Peripheral Vascular Disease - Use Beta 1 selective instead eg Atenolol, Betaxolol (eye)

Eg: Propanolol, Sotalol, Timolol (eye)

Question 11

Beta Blockers and Diabetes

Answer 11

Sympathetic activated during hypoglycemia

• sweats M3, tremor (from vasodilation B2), heart pounding B1
• miss symptoms of hypoglycemic episode w beta blockers

Question 12

Alpha 2 agonist function

Answer 12

Indirect antiadrenergic function + Alpha 2 agonist function

• Dexmedetomidine
• Pre-synaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptor as Autoreceptor, decrease NA
• Less NA - decrease visceral constriction (alpha) and sedation effects

SE: hypotension, Dry Mouth (decrease Salivary Gland)

Question 13

Methyldopa Function

Answer 13

Hypertension

Inhibit reversible reaction of tyrosine hydroxylase from Tyrosine to Dopa by LCP;

can continue to form methyl-noradrenaline w no function - false transmitter

Question 14

Receptor and Effects

Answer 14

Alpha 1 - Vasoconstriction and Inhibit Bladder
Alpha 2 - Inhibit Saliva

Beta 1 - CVS, Aqueous Humor production
Beta 2 - Lungs, Bronchodilation, Vasodilation to muscles
Beta 3 - Lipolysis and Inhibit Bladder

Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 inhibits GIT