Adrenergic And Antiadrenergic Drugs

Question 1

Sympathomimetic agents types

Answer 1

• Direct acting

* Indirect acting

Question 2

Direct sympathomimetic agents types

Answer 2

• Alpha adrenergic agonists

* Beta adrenergic agonists

Question 3

Alpha adrenergic agonists (non-selective)

Answer 3

• Noradrenaline

* Adrenaline

Question 4

Alpha adrenergic agonists (α₁ selective)

Answer 4

• Phenylephrine

* Midodrine

Question 5

Alpha adrenergic agonists (α₂)

Answer 5

• Clonidine

* Methyldopa

Question 6

Alpha adrenergic agonists (dopaminergic agonist)

Answer 6

• Dopamine

* Fenoldopam

Question 7

Beta adrenergic agonist (non-selective)

Answer 7

• Isoprenaline

* Adrenaline

Question 8

Beta adrenergic agonist (β₁ selective)

Answer 8

• Dobutamine

Question 9

Beta adrenergic agonist (β₂ selective)

Answer 9

• Salbutamol
• Salmeterol
• Terbutaline

Question 10

Beta adrenergic agonists (mixed action)

Answer 10

Ephedrine

Question 11

Indirect acting sympathomimetic agents

Answer 11

• Amphatamine
• Cocaine
• Selegiline
• Entacapone

Question 12

Dopamine properties

Answer 12

• Found in basal ganglia of CNS

* Dopamine D1, D2 receptor

Question 13

Adrenaline blood pressure effect

Answer 13

• Increase BP

* Increased force and HR

Question 14

Adrenaline vascular effects

Answer 14

• Cold hands and feet via cutaneous vasoconstriction
• Added to local anaesthetic stop prolong duration action
• Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle

Question 15

Adrenaline cardiac effects

Answer 15

• Increased HR

* Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 16

Adrenaline respiratory effects

Answer 16

• Bronchodilation

* Uses: asthma, anaphylaxis, angioedema

Question 17

Adrenaline CNS effects

Answer 17

• Apprehension
• Tremor
• Restlessness
• Headache

Question 18

Adrenaline metabolic effects

Answer 18

• Increased glucose and lactate in plasma (β action on liver)
• Inhibit insulin secretion (α₂)
• Increased glucagon secretion (β₂)
• Increased FFA (β action in fat cell)

Question 19

Adrenaline side effects

Answer 19

• Restlessness
• Tremor
• Throbbing headache
• Cerebral haemorrhage
• Palpitation
• Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 20

Adrenaline contraindication

Answer 20

Patient using non-selective β blockers: unopposed α-effect = hypertension

Question 21

α₁ selective agonists action

Answer 21

Blood vessels -> vasoconstriction and increase BP

Question 22

Phenylephrine use

Answer 22

• Nasal decongestion

* Pupil dilatation in eye

Question 23

Methoxamine, metaraminol use

Answer 23

• Hypotension

* Shock

Question 24

Midodrine use

Answer 24

• Autonomic insufficiency

* Postural hypotension

Question 25

Clonidine use

Answer 25

• Produce hypotension, sedation, bradycardia
• Treat hypertension
• SE: rebound hypertensive on abrupt withdrawal

Question 26

Methyldopa use

Answer 26

• Lowers BP

* Treat hypertension

Question 27

Hypertension medication

Answer 27

• Clonidine
• Methyldopa
• Guanfacine
• Guanabenz

Question 28

Pre-anaesthetic medication

Answer 28

• Dexmedetomidine

Pre-operative sedation, anxiolysis, analgesia, drying of secretion

Question 29

Glaucoma medication

Answer 29

• Apraclonidine
• Brimonidine
(Reduce IOP by decreasing aqueous humour formation)

Question 30

Spasticity medication

Answer 30

• Tyzanidine

as muscle relaxant for spasticity associated with cerebral and spinal disorder

Question 31

Dobutamine use

Answer 31

• Short term infusion in CV decompensation

* SE: increase BP, tachycardia

Question 32

β adrenergic agonist MOA

Answer 32

Action on β receptor, stimulates adenylyl cyclase via Gs, increase cAMP

Question 33

Isoprenaline use

Answer 33

• Bradycardia

* Heart block