Adrenal Physiology Flashcards
WHich AG layer produces Aldosterone?
Zona Glomerulosa
WHich AG layer produces Androgens?
Zona Reticularis
WHich AG layer produces Cortisol?
Zona Fasiculata
WHich AG layer produces Epinephrine/Norepine?
Adrenal Medulla
When is the highest cortisol release? Lowest?
Morning
Middle of the night
What is the receptor that ACTH stimulates?
Melanocortin 2 Receptor
WHat happens if exogenous Glucocorticoids are removed?
Body takes a while to produce => Death?
What happes if 21-Hydroxylase isn’t active?
Androgens increased, Aldosterone and Cortisol decreased Dec BP Inc K+ Virilization Salt wasting Precocious puberty
What happes if 17-Hydroxylase isn’t active?
Aldosterone is increased, Cortisol and androgens are decreased
Dec K+
Inc BP
Males with ambiguous Genitalia
What enzyme converts androstendione to Testosterone?
17B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
What converts Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone? What drug inhibits this enzyme?
5 a-reductase
Finasteride(prostate cancer)
WHat enzyme converts Androstendione and Testosterones into Estrogens?
What drug inhibits it?
Aromatase
Anastrazole (For Breast Cencer)
What transporter brings cholesterol into the mitochondria?
STAR
What Enzyme cleaves Cholesterol into Pregnenalone?
p450scc (side chain cleavage)
WHat is the pathway for Cortisol production?
Cholesterol CHOL DESMOLASE Pregnanalone 17 17-OH pregnenalone 3B 17-OH progesterone 21 11- Deoxycortisol 11 Cortisol => Glucocorticoid Receptor in target tissues
What enzyme converts 17-OH pregnenalone to DHEA
AND
17-OH progesterone to Androstenedione?
17-20 Lyase
WHat are the effects of Glucocorticoids on the body?
Increased during stress Increses and maintains blood Glucose Inc appetite Inc immune function and inflammation Catechiolamine permissive Reabsorption of Bone Inc Blood Lipids, and AAs
WHat is the Pathway for Aldosterone synthesis
Cholesterol CHOL DESMOLASE Pregnanalone 3B Progesterone 21 Deoxycorticosterone 11 Corticosterone 11 & Aldosterone Synthase Aldosterone=> Mineralocorticoid Receptor in target tissues
WHat are the main regulators of Aldosterone response?
Angiotensin II and Elevated Blood K+
What does is the renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway?
ATogen RENIN AT I ACE AT II Aldosterone
What is the role of 11B-HSD 1 and 2?
1 converts Cortisone to Cortisol (activation)
2 Converts Cortisol back to Cortisone (inactivation)
What is the difference between 11B OH deficiency and 21 OH deficiency?
DOC increases in 11B Hydroxylase Deficiency
DEC K+
INC BP
What is seen on high dose Dexamethasone Supression test in: Pit Hypersec? Adrenal Adenoma? Ectopic ACTH? Iatrogenic Cushing's Synd?
50% red in cort and ACTH
No reduction in cort/ACTH
No reduction in cort/ACTH
No reduction in cort/ACTH
What is the Pathway of Catecholamine Synthesis?
Tyrosine (TYROSINE OHase) DOPA Dopamine NE (PNMT) Epi
