Adrenal, HAC and addisons

Question 1

Where’s medulla and what’s in it ?

Answer 1

in centre of adrenal - catecholamines ( adrenaline , noradrenaline )

Question 2

Where’s cortex and what’s in it

Answer 2

around outside of adrenal gland
-zona reticularis -androgen (retian)
-zona fasciculata - gluccorticoids
(fasglu)
-zona glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids (glomin)

Question 3

What do androgens do ? give e.g

Answer 3

-e.g testosterone
- androgens are precursors for all oestrogens
- stim and control development and maintenance of male characteristics by binding to androgen receptors

Question 4

Example of glucocorticoid and what they do

Answer 4

-cortisol
-alter gene expression
-reg metabolism of glucose - stim gluconeogenesis , glycogenolysis and proteolysis , lipolysis

Question 5

example of mineralocorticoid and func

Answer 5

-aldosterone - stim by RAAS and high k
-reg bp , collecting duct and distal tubule cells to reabsorb NA ,Cl and therefore water water , stim secretion of k

Question 6

What effect do glucocorticoids have on different organs ?

Answer 6

-fat - mobilisation
-muscle - catabolism
-liver - gluconeogenesis , antagonise insulin
-kidney - increase gfr , block adh
-skin - follicular and sebaceous gland atrophy
-bone - reduce ca and cause osteopenia
-brain - hunger and thirst
- immune system - neutrophils , down regs t cell and b cell activity

Question 7

Outline 3 possible causes of PU

Answer 7

-antagonism of adh
-increased glomerular filtrate rate GFR
- inhibition of adh release

Question 8

what clinical signs would you expect from someone with phaeochromocytoma ?

Answer 8

tachycardia
hypertension
panting
diarrhoea
constipation
polydipsia
polyuria
weight loss
restlessness
high blood glucose - insulin resistance