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Clinical Chem II spring > Adrenal Glands (Lect 2) > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands (Lect 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the adrenal glands

A

located on each kidney

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1
Q

Describe the adrenal cortex briefly
produces?
portion
layers?

A

produces steroid hormones
outer portion
3 layers

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2
Q

Describe the adrenal medulla briefly

A

produces amine hormones
inner portion

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3
Q

Describe the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex briefly
g
f
r

A

Glomerulosa - secretes mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Fasciculata - secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Reticularis - secretes sex hormones (androgens)

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4
Q

What do mineralcorticoids do?

A

regulate Na and salt balance

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5
Q

What do glucocorticoids do?

A

assist carbohydrate metabolism

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6
Q

what do androgens do?

A

required for sex function, contribute less than gonads

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7
Q

Describe Aldosterone
produced in…
controls…
retention of
excretes
production controlled by?

A

produced in G-Zone, controls fluid amount in the body
Retention of Na/Cl/H2O
excretes K/H
production controlled by renin-angiotensin of the kidney

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8
Q

What is the function of aldosterone
increases
supresses?

A

increase salt and water conservation via vasoconstriction, increase BP, Na, BV which suppresses renin and synthesis of aldosterone

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9
Q

T/F blood levels are lower in the morning with aldosterone

A

false

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10
Q

Describe hyperaldosteronism
primary?
secondary?

A

primary adrenal disease - Conn syndrome
Secondary renin angiotensin disorder/malign hypertension

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11
Q

What is conns syndrome

A

benign tumor, increased fluid = loss of Na and water

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12
Q

Describe hypoaldosteronism
atrophy ?
dec prod of?
congentital enzyme def?
physical sympt?

A

atrophy of adrenal glands
Addisons disease
depressed prod of aldosterone/glucocorticoids
congenital def of 21-H enzyme
facial hair weakness, bronze skin

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13
Q

Describe Cortisol
anti____ increases
increased
diurnial variation for?

A

physicologic effects
Anti-insulin effect on carbs - increase glucose
increase glucneogen/lipolysis
diurnal variation for cortisol and ACTH

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14
Q

T/F low levels of cortisol = ACTH release

A

true

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15
Q

Describe hypercortisol
primary: hint C
secondary:

A

Cushing syndrome primary
secondary cushing disease (ACTH excess/adenoma)

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16
Q

Describe cushing syndrome
what test?

A

moon face
increase serum cortisol
buffalo hump/thin skin
12-24hr urine cortisol:creatinine ratio

17
Q

Describe hypocostrisol
1.: atrophy of
2.what hypofunction?

A

Primary: atrophy of adrenal gland
2: pituitary hypofunction

18
Q

Describe the adrenal medulla briefly
inner portion ….synth from. ….
horomones included?

A

inner portion/catecholamines synth from tyrosine
EPINEPHIRNE
NOEPINEPHRINE
DOPAMINE

19
Q

Describe roll of Epinephrine
what is transformed to what
volun muscles
released in response to
pathway?

A

glycogen to glucose
voluntary muscles have greater work
released in response to low BP/hypoxia

GOES TO METNE TO VANILLYMAN ACID

20
Q

Describe the roll of noepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter affecting smooth muscle/heart relased by post ganglionic nerves

GOES TO NORMET AND THEN VANILLYMAN ACID

21
Q

Describe the roll of dopamine
neurotrans affecting
pathway?

A

neurotransmitter in brain affecting vascular system

GOES TO HOMOVANILLIC ACID

22
Q

Describe Pheochromocytoma briefly
testing?

A

adrenal medulla tumor
increased epine/noepine
fluormetric/colormet/spectro for VMA

23
Q

Describe neuroblastoma briefly
testing?

A

malign tumor of medulla occurs in children
epine/noepi/dopamine leads to HVA/VMA in urine
HPLC gas chrom/spec

24
Q

Describe Adrenal incidentaloma

A

adrenal mass >1cm discovered onimaging to eval non adrenal pathology

25
Q

Describe Gonad function briefly
testes
what kind of feedback
inc test =?

A

Testes: anterior pituitary secretes LF/FSH and is controlled by GnRH
Negative feedback to hypothalamus increased testosterone = NO LH/FSH

26
Q

Describe Testosterone
primary in
2nd in p/h
principle
also secreted by
promotes

A

primary in testes
secondary in pit/hypo
principle male sex hormone
also sec by adrenal/ovaries
promotes development and maintains male reproductive system

27
Q

Describe hyperandrogemia in different age groups

A

adult males no sympt
prepub: preicoious puberty
Females: development of male sex characteristics/virilization occurs

28
Q

Describe Hypoandrogemia
adult males:
prepub:
primary
secondary:

A

adult males: impotence loss of sex characteristics
prepub: delayed puberity
Primary tumors
Secondary: decreased LH/FSH

29
Q

Describe Kilnefeiter syndrome

A

XXY
smaller testicles
narrow shoulders

30
Q

Briefly describe the ovaries
What kind of feedback?
hormones?

A

anterior pituitary sec LH/FSH under control of GnRH
negative feedback to hypoth/pituitary
estrogen/progesterone exert feedback to control LH/FSH

31
Q

Describe Estrogen
sec by
lesser sec by
primary three?

A

sec by ovaries/placenta during preg
sec by lesser extend in adrenal and testes
Three primary:
Estradiol 17B
Estrone (principle sec by ovaries)
Estradiol

32
Q

Describe Progesterone
sec by ?

A

sec by ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
ovulation/placenta during pregnancy

33
Q

What does estrogen do

A

promotes development and maintains female reproductive system and female sex characteristics

34
Q

What does progesterone do

A

corpus letum following ovulation in pregnancy sec by placenta to maintain uterus

35
Q

What are the menstration phases

A

begining half increased estrogen FSH
Follicular phase

ending Leuteal phase

regularly 28 day

36
Q

Describe hyperestrinism
Prepub:
menses?
post menopause?
in males?

A

prepub: ovarian tumor
infertility and irreg menses
post menopause bleeding

in males: testicular atrophy and breasts

37
Q

Describe Hypoestrinism
what type of insufficiecy
delays
what type of menopause

A

ovarian insufficient
delayed puberty
amenorrhea menopause

38
Q

Describe Hyperprogesteronemia

Hypoprogesteronemia

A

hyper: prevents menstration

Hypo: infertility abortion of fetus

39
Q

Describe Tuner syndrome
loss of what?
non functional?

A

partial/complete loss of X chromosome
non functional ovaries and exogenous estrogen

40
Q

Describe polycystic ovary syndrome
what happens?
what results? (hint H)

A

infertility and hisutism - abn hair growth and androgens

41
Q

Describe key facts regarding Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
what enzyme def
increases?
decreases?

A

CAH = 21- hydrolaze
prevents cortisol production
increases 17-OHP and ACTH
decreases cotrisol

Clinical Chem II spring (16 decks)

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