Adrenal Glands (Lect 2) Flashcards by Kailea Boerste

Where are the adrenal glands

located on each kidney

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Describe the adrenal cortex briefly
produces?
portion
layers?

produces steroid hormones
outer portion
3 layers

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Describe the adrenal medulla briefly

produces amine hormones
inner portion

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Describe the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex briefly
g
f
r

Glomerulosa - secretes mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Fasciculata - secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Reticularis - secretes sex hormones (androgens)

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What do mineralcorticoids do?

regulate Na and salt balance

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What do glucocorticoids do?

assist carbohydrate metabolism

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what do androgens do?

required for sex function, contribute less than gonads

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Describe Aldosterone
produced in…
controls…
retention of
excretes
production controlled by?

produced in G-Zone, controls fluid amount in the body
Retention of Na/Cl/H2O
excretes K/H
production controlled by renin-angiotensin of the kidney

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What is the function of aldosterone
increases
supresses?

increase salt and water conservation via vasoconstriction, increase BP, Na, BV which suppresses renin and synthesis of aldosterone

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T/F blood levels are lower in the morning with aldosterone

false

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Describe hyperaldosteronism
primary?
secondary?

primary adrenal disease - Conn syndrome
Secondary renin angiotensin disorder/malign hypertension

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What is conns syndrome

benign tumor, increased fluid = loss of Na and water

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Describe hypoaldosteronism
atrophy ?
dec prod of?
congentital enzyme def?
physical sympt?

atrophy of adrenal glands
Addisons disease
depressed prod of aldosterone/glucocorticoids
congenital def of 21-H enzyme
facial hair weakness, bronze skin

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Describe Cortisol
anti____ increases
increased
diurnial variation for?

physicologic effects
Anti-insulin effect on carbs - increase glucose
increase glucneogen/lipolysis
diurnal variation for cortisol and ACTH

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T/F low levels of cortisol = ACTH release

true

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Describe hypercortisol
primary: hint C
secondary:

Cushing syndrome primary
secondary cushing disease (ACTH excess/adenoma)

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Describe cushing syndrome
what test?

moon face
increase serum cortisol
buffalo hump/thin skin
12-24hr urine cortisol:creatinine ratio

Describe hypocostrisol
1.: atrophy of
2.what hypofunction?

Primary: atrophy of adrenal gland
2: pituitary hypofunction

Describe the adrenal medulla briefly
inner portion ….synth from. ….
horomones included?

inner portion/catecholamines synth from tyrosine
EPINEPHIRNE
NOEPINEPHRINE
DOPAMINE

Describe roll of Epinephrine
what is transformed to what
volun muscles
released in response to
pathway?

glycogen to glucose
voluntary muscles have greater work
released in response to low BP/hypoxia

GOES TO METNE TO VANILLYMAN ACID

Describe the roll of noepinephrine

neurotransmitter affecting smooth muscle/heart relased by post ganglionic nerves

GOES TO NORMET AND THEN VANILLYMAN ACID

Describe the roll of dopamine
neurotrans affecting
pathway?

neurotransmitter in brain affecting vascular system

GOES TO HOMOVANILLIC ACID

Describe Pheochromocytoma briefly
testing?

adrenal medulla tumor
increased epine/noepine
fluormetric/colormet/spectro for VMA

Describe neuroblastoma briefly
testing?

malign tumor of medulla occurs in children
epine/noepi/dopamine leads to HVA/VMA in urine
HPLC gas chrom/spec

Describe Adrenal incidentaloma

adrenal mass >1cm discovered onimaging to eval non adrenal pathology

Describe Gonad function briefly testes what kind of feedback inc test =?

Testes: anterior pituitary secretes LF/FSH and is controlled by GnRH Negative feedback to hypothalamus increased testosterone = NO LH/FSH

Describe Testosterone primary in 2nd in p/h principle also secreted by promotes

primary in testes secondary in pit/hypo principle male sex hormone also sec by adrenal/ovaries promotes development and maintains male reproductive system

Describe hyperandrogemia in different age groups

adult males no sympt prepub: preicoious puberty Females: development of male sex characteristics/virilization occurs

Describe Hypoandrogemia adult males: prepub: primary secondary:

adult males: impotence loss of sex characteristics prepub: delayed puberity Primary tumors Secondary: decreased LH/FSH

Describe Kilnefeiter syndrome

XXY smaller testicles narrow shoulders

Briefly describe the ovaries What kind of feedback? hormones?

anterior pituitary sec LH/FSH under control of GnRH negative feedback to hypoth/pituitary estrogen/progesterone exert feedback to control LH/FSH

Describe Estrogen sec by lesser sec by primary three?

sec by ovaries/placenta during preg sec by lesser extend in adrenal and testes Three primary: Estradiol 17B Estrone (principle sec by ovaries) Estradiol

Describe Progesterone sec by ?

sec by ovarian follicles and corpus luteum ovulation/placenta during pregnancy

What does estrogen do

promotes development and maintains female reproductive system and female sex characteristics

What does progesterone do

corpus letum following ovulation in pregnancy sec by placenta to maintain uterus

What are the menstration phases

begining half increased estrogen FSH Follicular phase ending Leuteal phase regularly 28 day

Describe hyperestrinism Prepub: menses? post menopause? in males?

prepub: ovarian tumor infertility and irreg menses post menopause bleeding in males: testicular atrophy and breasts

Describe Hypoestrinism what type of insufficiecy delays what type of menopause

ovarian insufficient delayed puberty amenorrhea menopause

Describe Hyperprogesteronemia Hypoprogesteronemia

hyper: prevents menstration Hypo: infertility abortion of fetus

Describe Tuner syndrome loss of what? non functional?

partial/complete loss of X chromosome non functional ovaries and exogenous estrogen

Describe polycystic ovary syndrome what happens? what results? (hint H)

infertility and hisutism - abn hair growth and androgens

Describe key facts regarding Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia what enzyme def increases? decreases?

CAH = 21- hydrolaze prevents cortisol production increases 17-OHP and ACTH decreases cotrisol