Adrenal Gland Histology Flashcards
blood supply to suprarenal gland and branches from what
superior suprarenal gland from inferior phrenic a
middle suprarenal gland from abdominal aorta
inferior suprarenal gland from renal a
the cortex of adrenal glands is of what origin and develops from what
mesodermal origin and develops from epithelium of posterior abdominal wall
medulla is of ___ origin and is from what cells
ectodermal origin and develops from neural crest cells
by week __ you have two layers of cortex what are they
8, thin outer adult cortex, and thick inner fetal cortex
what does the fetal cortex produce
fetal steroids during gestation but involutes rapidly after birth
adrenocortical rests
in 50% of newborns, tend to atrophy and disappear, cna be detected anywhere along path of embryonic migratin of adrenal cortex
accessory adrenocortical nodules are what
minor developmental anomalies arising from partly or completely detached rests of coelomic epithelial primordia from which the adrenal cortex is derived
where are accessory adrenocortical nodules most frequently located
in contact with the capsule at one pole of adrenal
the definitive adult cortex persists and develops into the functional adrenal cortex with distinct ___ and ___ the ___ develops during first year of life
zona glomerulosa and gasciculata
reticularis develops after birth
medullary elements derived from NC cells migrate to where and develop along with what
to para-aortic and paravertebral regions and along adrenal vein toward medial aspect of developing adrenal fetal cortex
develop along with sympathetic nervous system
what is produced in the early stage of gestation by the fetal cortex that is converted to estrogen in the placneta? what enzyme does this
DHEA
3B-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
what is the onlymiled form resulting from incomplete loss of 3B HSD produces what
virilization of genetically female infants and undervirilization of genetically male infants
- only form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that can cause ambigous genitalia in both genetic sexes
- this is rare
glucocorticoids come from where for fetus
placental progesterone by fetus or of maternal origin
glucocorticoids are essential for 3 main developmental events:
1) production of surfacant by type II alveolar cells after 8th month of fetal life
2) development of a functional hypothalamopituitary axis
3) inuction of thymic involution
zona glomerulosa produces what in response to___ and __
aldosterone in response to ACTH and angiotensin II
what enzyme does the zona glomerulosa lack
17a-hydroxylase, cannot produce glucocorticoids or androgens
what does aldosterone sitmulate the secretion of
K+ and H+
describe zona glomerulosa cells
lie under capsule, aggregate into glomerulus like arrangement and have a moderate amount of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm
describe zona fasiculata cells
spongiocytes, many lipid droplets of cholesterol (precursor) in cytoplasm
cells appear vacuolated (foamy appearance)
cuboid cells arranged in longitudinal cords separated by cortical fenestrated capillaries
what enzyme is required to make the sex hormones
17,20 hydroxylase
where is cortisol converted into cortisone
in the hepatocytes
zona fasciculata and reticularis are both stimulated by what?
ACTH
describe zona reticularis cells
arranged in irregular cords that from anastomosing network
in zona reticularis what 2 androgens predominant as weak androgens? and what can they be converted to?
DHEA and androstenedione
convert to testosterone and even estrogen in peripheral tissues
