Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMPA412 > Adrenal Diseases > Flashcards

Adrenal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

also known as suprarenal gland, small triangular shapes gland located on the top of the both kidneys. 4-5 grams in weight.

A

Adrenal Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the outermost region of the adrenal cortex and is the only zone of the adrenal gland that contains the enzyme aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2)

A

Zona Glomerulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the middle zone of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids which are important for carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. (Regulates blood sugar)

A

Zona Fasiculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

produces androgens (sex hormones)

A

Zona Reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ZG: Mineralocorticoids

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ZF: Glucocorticoids

A

Cortisol
Prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ZR: Sex Hormones

A

Androgen
Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adrenal Medulla releases ?

A

Cathecolamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AM: Cathecolamines

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyposecretion of Aldosterone & Cortisol

A

Addison’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Addison’s Cause: Primary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormone
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens

Autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Addison’s Cause: Secondary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones
Hyposecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary gland
Mineralocorticoids release is spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Addison’s CM: Sugar and Salt Levels?

A

Hypoglycemia
Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Addison’s CM: Tired and Muscle?

A

Weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Addison’s CM: Reproductive Organs in Fm and M?

A

Irregular Menstrual Cycle
Erectile Dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Addison’s CM: Electrolyte Levels Increase?

A

Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Addison’s CM: Skin?

A

Hyperpigmentation (Bronze-like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Addison’s CM: Gastrointestinal Disturbance?

A

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Addison’s CM: Emotional Disturbance?

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Addison’s CM: Blood Pressure?

A

Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Addison’s Intervention: Monitor for?

A

Glucose, K+, Na+, Ca+ Levels
VS
I and O
Weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Addison’s CM: Weight?

A

Loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Addison’s Intervention: Hormone Replacement Therapy?

A

Mineralocorticoid: Fludrocortisone (florinef)
Glucocorticoid: Prednisone, Hydrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Addison’s Intervention: Diet?

A

High CHO and CHON, enought salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Addison’s Intervention: When taking glucocorticoids?

A

Calcium and Vitamin D supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Addison’s Intervention: Glucocorticoids needa to be increased when?

A

Stress, Illness, Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Addison’s Intervention: Avoid?

A

Illness, Stress, Strenous Activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the patient has extremely LOW CORTISOL levels (life threatening)

A

Addisonian Crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Addisonian Crisis 5s

A

Sudden pain in stomach, back, legs
Syncope (unconcious)
Shock
Super Low BP
Severe vomiting, diarrhea, headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Addisonian Crisis Intervention

A

IV Cortisol Stat ( Solu-Cortef and D5NS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

caused by increased amounts of ACTH secreted by the pituitary gland

A

Cushing’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally increased secretion (endogenous) of cortisol

A

Cushing’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

caused by an outside cause or medical treatment such as glucocorticoid therapy

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

hyper-secretion of CORTISOL

A

Cushing’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cushing’s CM: Fragile ? that easily bruises

A

Skin
Ecchymosis

36
Q

Cushing’s CM: Truncal ? with ?

A

Obesity, Small Arms

37
Q

Cushing’s CM: face? , Dorsocervical?

A

Rounded, Moon face
Fat, Buffalo hump

38
Q

Cushing’s CM: Reproductice Issues in Fm and M?

A

Amenorrhea, Hirsutism
Erectile Dysfunction

39
Q

Cushing’s CM: Blood Sugar Levels?

A

Hyperglycemia

40
Q

Cushing’s CM: Electrolyte Levels

A

Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia

41
Q

Cushing’s CM: Blood Pressure?

A

Hypertension

42
Q

Cushing’s CM: Red-purplish ? on ?

A

Striae
Abdomen, Back, and Thighs

43
Q

Cushing’s CM: General ? and ? wasting

A

Weakness
Muscle

44
Q

Cushing’s Intervention: Prepare patient for ? to remove the pituitary tumor

A

Hypophysectomy

45
Q

Cushing’s Intervention: Prepare the client for ? if the condition results from an adrenal adenoma

A

Adrenalectomy

46
Q

Cushing’s Intervention: ? may be required following
adrenalectomy

A

Glucocorticoid Replacement

47
Q

Cushing’s Intervention: Diet?

A

Low Calorie, Sodium
High CHON, K+, Ca+
Vitamin Supplements

48
Q

Cushing’s DT: Measures the response of adrenal glands to ACTH. Dexamethasone ?mg is given ? at ?pm.

A

Dexamethasone Suppression Test (Confirmatory Test)
Oral, 1mg, 11pm

49
Q

Cushing’s DT: It decreases in the evening- during early phase of
sleep

A

Plasma Cortisol 10-20 mcg/dl

50
Q

Cushing’s MM: to decrease production of glucocorticoids

A

Mitotane (Lysodren)

51
Q

Cushing’s MM: Cortisol Receptor blocker

A

Korlym (Mifepristone)

52
Q

hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids
(aldosterone) from the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

A

Hyperaldosteronism/Conn’s Syndrome

53
Q

Seen more frequently in women (30-50 y/o)
Cause by a tumor or hyperplasia of adrenal gland

A

Hyperaldosteronism/Conn’s Syndrome

54
Q

Seen more frequently in women (30-50 y/o)
Cause by a tumor or hyperplasia of adrenal gland

A

Hyperaldosteronism/Conn’s Syndrome

55
Q

Conn’s CM: Electrolyte Levels

A

Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia

56
Q

Conn’s CM: ABG Analysis

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

57
Q

Conn’s CM: Cardiac ?

A

Dysrhythmias

58
Q

Conn’s DT: in supine position with normal
sodium diet
? , with upright /standing position or seated for at least ? is 2-5x supine value

A

Plasma Aldosterone
2-9 ng/dl or 55-250 pmol/L
2hrs

59
Q

Conn’s DT: Urine Aldosterone

A

14-16 nmol/24hrs

60
Q

Conn’s CM: 2P

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia

61
Q

Conn’s Triad

A

Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis

62
Q

Conn’s Intervention: Monitor

A

VS
I and O
Urine Specific Gravity
Signs of Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia

63
Q

Conn’s Intervention: Maintain ? restriction as ordered

64
Q

Conn’s Intervention: Administer ? and ?
supplements as ordered

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Potassium

65
Q

Conn’s Intervention: Prepare the client for an ? if indicated

A

Adrenalectomy

66
Q

Conn’s Intervention: Health teaching after adrenalectomy

A

Glucocorticoid Replacement

67
Q

Catecholamine-producing tumor usually
found in the adrenal medulla, but extraadrenal locations include the chest, bladder, abdomen, and brain

A

Pheochromocytoma

68
Q

Excessive amounts of E and NE are secreted

A

Pheochromocytoma

69
Q

founds in the adrenal medulla and secrete catecholamines

A

Chromaffin Cells

70
Q

Pheo CM: Face ?, Heart ?

A

Flushing
Palpitations

71
Q

Pheo CM: Increases?

A

BP, HR
Glucose (Hyperglycemia)
Anxiety, Fear

72
Q

Pheo CM: Severe ?, Pain in ? with ?

A

Headaches
Chest and Abdomen with NV

73
Q

Pheo CM: ? Intolerance, Profuse ?

A

Heat
Diaphoresis

74
Q

Pheo CM: ? Loss, Tired and ?

A

Weight
Weak

75
Q

Pheo can be triggered by eating ? and medications such as ?

A

Tyramine rich foods
MAOIs

76
Q

Occurs most commonly between ages 25-50, hereditary in some cases

A

Pheochromocytoma

77
Q

Pheo DT: is produced in the liver and is a major product of epinephrine and norepinephrine
metabolism which is excreted in the urine

A

Vanillyl Mandelic Acid (VMA)

78
Q

Pheo DT: Preparation - No food and fluid with ? for ? hours before the test
- Normal level mg/24 hours

A

Coffee, Tea, Cocoa, Chocolate
48 hrs
2-7 mg

79
Q

Pheo Intervention: Monitor closely ?

A

VS - BP and HR
Hypertensive Crisis
Glucose

80
Q

Pheo Intervention: Instruct the client not to ?, drink ?-containing beverages, or change ? suddenly.

A

Smoke
Caffeine
Position

81
Q

Pheo Intervention: Provide care for the client with an ? as ordered

A

Adrenalectomy

82
Q

Pheo Intervention: Administer pre-opt ? (Cardura, Minipress, Hyrtin): work by blocking noradrenaline, reduces catecholamines

A

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

83
Q

Pheo Intervention: may also be prescribe patient a ? like ? or ? to help with hypertension and tachycardia

A

Beta-adrenergic Blockers (Labetalol or Inderal)

84
Q

Pheo Intervention: If patient is having a bilateral adrenalectomy (both glands removed ) - will have to take ? and ? for

A

Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids
Lifetime

85
Q

Pheo Intervention: If patient is having a unilateral adrenalectomy (only one gland removed): will have to take ? for approximately ?

A

Glucocorticoids
2 Years

86
Q

Pheo Intervention: Diet

A

High Calorie

CMPA412 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions