Adoption Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What do twin studies compare the likelihood of?

A

Criminality between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non-identical twins)

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2
Q

How many genes do monozygotic twins share?

A

100%

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3
Q

How many genes do dizygotic twins share?

A

50%

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4
Q

How many twins did Christiansen study?

A

3,586 twin pairs

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5
Q

Where did Christiansen study the twins?

A

Denmark

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6
Q

What was the concordance rate between monozygotic twins?

A

52%

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7
Q

What was the concordance rate between dizygotic twins?

A

22%

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8
Q

What does it prove if an adopted child portrays similar behaviour to biological parents?

A

That behaviour is genetic, and criminality is inherited.
Nature not nurture.

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9
Q

What does it prove if the adopted child portrays similar behaviour to adoptive parents?

A

That behaviour is learnt, and criminality is a result of upbringing.
Nurture not nature.

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10
Q

When was the Mednick study?

A

1967

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11
Q

How many criminal records did Mednick study?

A

Over 14,000 adopted sons records

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12
Q

What did he do with the records?

A

Compared them with the sons biological parents.

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13
Q

What did it mean for the son if his parent(s) had been convicted of a crime?

A

The son was more than twice as likely to be convicted of a crime themselves.

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14
Q

What did it mean for the son if his adoptive parent(s) were convicted of a crime?

A

It had far less an affect on the sons behaviour.

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15
Q

What chance did biological siblings have of both commuting a crime if they were both raised in the same environment?

A

30% chance.

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16
Q

What chance did adoptive siblings have of commuting a crime if they were raised in the same environment?

A

8% chance.

17
Q

Who was Jefferey Landrigan?

A

A man who was abandoned at a daycare, adopted, and became a criminal.

18
Q

What kind of environment was Landrigan adopted into?

A

A rich family, who gave him a good start in life.

19
Q

What crimes did he commit?

A

Arrested for burglary at age 10
Murder at 20

20
Q

What was discover about his family?

A

His father was a murderer and his grandfather was a their.

21
Q

What does this prove?

A

That behaviour/criminality is inherited
Landrigan had a genetic predisposition to murder.

22
Q

Three strengths of adoption studies

A

Only study to find a direct comparison between nature and nurture, they isolate the influence of the environment from those of genetics, and they are longitudinal studies - meaning the same child/children can be studied throughout their life.

23
Q

Three weaknesses of adoption studies

A

Adoption process isn’t always random and children are often placed with parents like their families, adoption is a rare process so it’s a small sample to study (not representative), and it’s difficult to separate genetics from environment.