adonis EXAM questions Flashcards
what is the reverse compliment strand of AATGCACC
GGTGCATT (because started in the 5’ to 3’, it must be the reverse compliment)
what carbon holds the most active group of catalytically of RNA?
two prime (2’)
you have a template strand and a primer (small DNA or RNA), which side will be extended?
5’ to 3’
leading strand
replicates from 5’ to 3’
lagging strand
lags from 3’ to 5’
Okazaki fragments
wtf?
primer strand
dw ill come back
DNA helicase
Separates double-stranded DNA into single strands
Single-strand binding protein
Binds to single-stranded DNA and prevents it from re-forming a double helix
Topoisomerase
Removes tightening coil ahead of the replication frk
DNA Primase
Synthesizes short RNA primers
DNA Polymerase
Synthesizes DNA in the leading and lagging strands, removes RNA primers, and fills in gaps
DNA ligase
Covalently attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
how big is the human genome?
3.05 billion base pairs
how many protein coding genes are there in the human cells, DNA and genome?
20,000
where does translation and transcription occur in prokaryotes?
translation and transcription both occur in the cytoplasm for prokayrotes
where does translation and transcription occur in eukaryotes?
translation in the cytoplasm and transcription in the nucleus
translation and the genetic code
one amino acid can be specified by more than one codon, but every codon specifies a specific amino acid
this enzyme catalyzes attachment of of amino acids to tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
3 discrete sites for tRNA binding and polypeptide synthesis
p site - peptide site: in the middle of ribosome
a site -aminoacyl site: right side, where new mRNA is found
e site - exit site: left side
what else does initiation require?
input of energy GDP Hydrolysis and ATP
