Adolescent Health

Question 1

What are the pulmonary risks of vaping?

Answer 1

• Irritating and carcinogenic substances can cause chronic cough, bronchitis, asthma exacerbation, decreased exercise tolerance
• Vaping product use-associated lung injury (VALI): sterile inflammatory pneumonitis caused by inhaling the fine chemicals found in vaping aerosols which triggers a pulmonary immune response

Question 2

What is the treatment recommendation for vaping in adolescents?

Answer 2

• Treatment
  Behavioural: individual, peer counselling, motivational interviewing, CBT etc., consider harm reduction for those who don’t want to decrease/quit
  Pharmacological: nicotine replacement therapy, always use behavioural strategies as well

Question 3

What is the age of consent for sexual activity?

Answer 3

16 years

• 12-13yo can consent with someone <2years older*
• 14-15yo can consent to someone <5years older*
• As long as there is no relationship of trust, authority or dependency

Question 4

What is required for an informed consent decision maker for medical decision making in pediatrics?

Answer 4

Informed consent decision maker must: have capacity to make decision, be adequately informed and decision must be voluntary and free of coercion

Question 5

What is the goal weight gain/week for a patient with an eating disorder?

Answer 5

0.2-0.5kg weight gain per week

Question 6

What is the mean age of initiation of intercourse?

Answer 6

17

Question 7

When counselling teens on avoidance of smoking do you focus on the short term or long term consequences?

Answer 7

Short!

Bad breath, yellow teeth, hard to keep up in sports, expensive, illegal

Question 8

Name two clinical conditions in which buproprion and varenicline are contraindicated?

Answer 8

Eating disorder, seizure disorder

Question 9

What are the ABSOLUTE contraindications to estrogen (and estrogen containing OCPs) per WHO?

Answer 9

• <6weeks postpartum
• HTN (>160/100)
• Current or past history of venous thromboembolism
• Ischemic heart disease
• History of cerebrovascular accident
• Complicated valvular heart disease (pHTN, AFib, Hx subacute bact. endocarditis)
• Migraine w/ focal neurological symptoms
• Breast cancer (current)
• Diabetes w/ retinopathy/nephropathy/neuropathy
• Severe cirrhosis
• Liver tumor
• SLE w/ positive or unknown antiphospholipid antibody