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Adolescence > Adolescent Growth and Puberty > Flashcards

Adolescent Growth and Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

define adolescence

A

between 10-19years old

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2
Q

into which decade of life do neurodevelopmental changes that occur to transition to adult physiology occur

A

second decade

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3
Q

what does puberty involve?
when does it occur?

A

anatomical (structure), physiological (function), neurodevelopmental changes
during adolescence,

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4
Q

puberty is considered to begin with the onset of development of ?

A

secondary sexual characteristics

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5
Q

when is sexual maturity achieved & what becomes possible (general)

A
  • during puberty
  • reproduction
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6
Q

what is puberty triggered by

A

pulsatile rising levels of gonadotrophin from pituitary gland

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7
Q

what subsequently rises from increased puberty gonadotrophin levels

A
  • sex steroid production
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8
Q

what does rise in sex steroid production facilitate changes in tissues in

A
  • genitalia
  • skin
  • breast
  • brain
  • muscle
  • bone
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9
Q

events that occur at adrenarche

A
  • adrenal gland androgen production
  • oily skin
  • hair
  • pubic hair (pubarche)
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10
Q

timeframe of adrenarche

A

6-8 years old
- occurs independently of gonadarche

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11
Q

primary hormones involved in adrenarche

A

DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione

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12
Q

events of thelarche

A

female breast budding

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13
Q

what event and phase is usually the first sign of puberty in girls

A

female breast budding / thelarche

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14
Q

timeframe of thelarche

A

mean 10-11
range 8-13 years

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15
Q

primary hormone involved in thelarche

A

oestrogen

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16
Q

what event and phase is usually the first sign of puberty in males

A

testicular growth / gonadarche

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17
Q

events at gonadarche

A
  • growth of ovaries and testes (testicular growth)
  • increased sex steroid production
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18
Q

timeframe of gonadarche in males

A

testicular enlargement:
mean 11 years
range 9-14yo

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19
Q

timeframe gonadarche in females

A

ovarian growth:
not directly seen but coincides with thelarche ie/ mean 10-11, range 8-13yo

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20
Q

primary hormones involved in gonadarche

A
  • gonadal activation by LH and FSH (gonadotrophins)
  • subsequent increase in testosterone and oestrogen levels (sex steroid hormones)
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21
Q

what event occurs at pubarche

A

development of pubic hair

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22
Q

timeframe of pubarche

A
  • begins at adrenarche
  • further development around Tanner stage 3
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23
Q

primary hormones involved in pubarche

A
  • rising androgens (during adrenarche) and sex steroids during central puberty
24
Q

event that occurs with growth spurt

A

peak growth velocity during puberty

25
Q

timeframe of growth spurt

A

~Tanner stage 2 in females (occurs before onset of menarche)
~ Tanner stage 3-4 in males

26
Q

primary hormones during growth spurt

A
  • multiple hormones
  • impact of oestrogen / testosterone on growth hormone secretion
27
Q

event that occurs with spermarche

A

development of sperm in testicle & first ejaculation

28
Q

time frame of spermache

A

around development of secondary sexual characteristics in mid-puberty

29
Q

primary hormone associated with spermarche

A
  • rising testosterone from Leydig cells
  • nocturnal luteinising hormone surge
30
Q

event of menarche

A

onset of menstruation

31
Q

timeframe of menarche

A
  • usually 2-2.5 years after thelarche
  • shortly after growth spurt
  • normally before 16 years old
32
Q

primary hormones involved in menarche

A
  • oestrogen (lead to uterine growth and endometrial vascularity)
33
Q

adrenarche begins as adrenal glands produce androgens in response to what

A

rising DHEAD

34
Q
A
35
Q

what changes can contribute to the development of acne

A

sebaceous gland changes

36
Q

what gland contributes to development of adult body odour

A

apocrine gland development

37
Q

what phase occurs as part of adrenarche

A

pubarche

38
Q

pubarche involves hair development where (2)

A
  • pubic
  • axillary
39
Q

at what ages for F and M does pubarche occur

A

after 8yrs old in females
after 9yrs old in males

40
Q

does adrenarche progress dependent on processes of gonadal puberty

A

no

41
Q

what does thelarche begin in response to

A

rising oestrogen levels

42
Q

in gonadarche testicular growth of xmL or greater indicates onset of puberty

A

4mL

43
Q

seminiferous tubule (located inside testes) volume develops in response to what

A

FSH (gonadotrophin)

44
Q

what can be used to measure testicular volume

A

Prader orchidometer

45
Q

during puberty, yearly growth velocity increases to what for females and males, compared to earlier childhood of what

A

females: 6-10cm
males: 7-12cm
childhood: 5-7cm

46
Q

skeletal growth is an aspect of puberty - T or F

A

TRUE

47
Q

peak growth rates for females occur between what two phases

A

thelarche & menarche

48
Q

peak growth rate for males occur at what age/s

A

13-14yo

49
Q

at what two phases is there an increase in postnatal growth velocity curve, and which is greater

A
  • adrenarche
  • pubertal growth spurt (greater)
50
Q

what is another hair location that occurs for males in later stages of puberty in response to higher levels of testosterone

A

facial hair

51
Q

for menarche to occur, increasing oestrogen levels facilitate ____ development & growth of ______ _____ ____ which subsequently leads to shedding of the ____

A
  • uterine development
  • growth of endometrial blood vessels
  • lining
52
Q

within the first few years of menarche it is common for menstruation to be (2)

A
  • anovulatory (absence of ovulation / egg release prior to menstruation)
  • occur at less regular intervals
53
Q

majority of cycles will be ovulatory and regular by how many years after menarche as sexual maturation develops

A

3-6 years after menarche

54
Q

what is the Tanner staging system a method to assess normal sequence of

A

pubertal development

55
Q

Tanner stages range from -

A

1-5

56
Q

Tanner stages reviews what in males

A

pattern of genital and pubic hair development

57
Q

Tanner stages reviews what in females

A

breast and pubic hair development

Adolescence (5 decks)

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