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Adolescence > Adolescent Growth and Puberty > Flashcards

Adolescent Growth and Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

define adolescence

A

between 10-19years old

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2
Q

into which decade of life do neurodevelopmental changes that occur to transition to adult physiology occur

A

second decade

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3
Q

what does puberty involve?
when does it occur?

A

anatomical (structure), physiological (function), neurodevelopmental changes
during adolescence,

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4
Q

puberty is considered to begin with the onset of development of ?

A

secondary sexual characteristics

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5
Q

when is sexual maturity achieved & what becomes possible (general)

A
  • during puberty
  • reproduction
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6
Q

what is puberty triggered by

A

pulsatile rising levels of gonadotrophin from pituitary gland

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7
Q

what subsequently rises from increased puberty gonadotrophin levels

A
  • sex steroid production
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8
Q

what does rise in sex steroid production facilitate changes in tissues in

A
  • genitalia
  • skin
  • breast
  • brain
  • muscle
  • bone
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9
Q

events that occur at adrenarche

A
  • adrenal gland androgen production
  • oily skin
  • hair
  • pubic hair (pubarche)
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10
Q

timeframe of adrenarche

A

6-8 years old
- occurs independently of gonadarche

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11
Q

primary hormones involved in adrenarche

A

DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione

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12
Q

events of thelarche

A

female breast budding

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13
Q

what event and phase is usually the first sign of puberty in girls

A

female breast budding / thelarche

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14
Q

timeframe of thelarche

A

mean 10-11
range 8-13 years

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15
Q

primary hormone involved in thelarche

A

oestrogen

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16
Q

what event and phase is usually the first sign of puberty in males

A

testicular growth / gonadarche

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17
Q

events at gonadarche

A
  • growth of ovaries and testes (testicular growth)
  • increased sex steroid production
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18
Q

timeframe of gonadarche in males

A

testicular enlargement:
mean 11 years
range 9-14yo

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19
Q

timeframe gonadarche in females

A

ovarian growth:
not directly seen but coincides with thelarche ie/ mean 10-11, range 8-13yo

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20
Q

primary hormones involved in gonadarche

A
  • gonadal activation by LH and FSH (gonadotrophins)
  • subsequent increase in testosterone and oestrogen levels (sex steroid hormones)
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21
Q

what event occurs at pubarche

A

development of pubic hair

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22
Q

timeframe of pubarche

A
  • begins at adrenarche
  • further development around Tanner stage 3
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23
Q

primary hormones involved in pubarche

A
  • rising androgens (during adrenarche) and sex steroids during central puberty
24
Q

event that occurs with growth spurt

A

peak growth velocity during puberty

25
timeframe of growth spurt
~Tanner stage 2 in females (occurs before onset of menarche) ~ Tanner stage 3-4 in males
26
primary hormones during growth spurt
- multiple hormones - impact of oestrogen / testosterone on growth hormone secretion
27
event that occurs with spermarche
development of sperm in testicle & first ejaculation
28
time frame of spermache
around development of secondary sexual characteristics in mid-puberty
29
primary hormone associated with spermarche
- rising testosterone from Leydig cells - nocturnal luteinising hormone surge
30
event of menarche
onset of menstruation
31
timeframe of menarche
- usually 2-2.5 years after thelarche - shortly after growth spurt - normally before 16 years old
32
primary hormones involved in menarche
- oestrogen (lead to uterine growth and endometrial vascularity)
33
adrenarche begins as adrenal glands produce androgens in response to what
rising DHEAD
34
35
what changes can contribute to the development of acne
sebaceous gland changes
36
what gland contributes to development of adult body odour
apocrine gland development
37
what phase occurs as part of adrenarche
pubarche
38
pubarche involves hair development where (2)
- pubic - axillary
39
at what ages for F and M does pubarche occur
after 8yrs old in females after 9yrs old in males
40
does adrenarche progress dependent on processes of gonadal puberty
no
41
what does thelarche begin in response to
rising oestrogen levels
42
in gonadarche testicular growth of xmL or greater indicates onset of puberty
4mL
43
seminiferous tubule (located inside testes) volume develops in response to what
FSH (gonadotrophin)
44
what can be used to measure testicular volume
Prader orchidometer
45
during puberty, yearly growth velocity increases to what for females and males, compared to earlier childhood of what
females: 6-10cm males: 7-12cm childhood: 5-7cm
46
skeletal growth is an aspect of puberty - T or F
TRUE
47
peak growth rates for females occur between what two phases
thelarche & menarche
48
peak growth rate for males occur at what age/s
13-14yo
49
at what two phases is there an increase in postnatal growth velocity curve, and which is greater
- adrenarche - pubertal growth spurt (greater)
50
what is another hair location that occurs for males in later stages of puberty in response to higher levels of testosterone
facial hair
51
for menarche to occur, increasing oestrogen levels facilitate ____ development & growth of ______ _____ ____ which subsequently leads to shedding of the ____
- uterine development - growth of endometrial blood vessels - lining
52
within the first few years of menarche it is common for menstruation to be (2)
- anovulatory (absence of ovulation / egg release prior to menstruation) - occur at less regular intervals
53
majority of cycles will be ovulatory and regular by how many years after menarche as sexual maturation develops
3-6 years after menarche
54
what is the Tanner staging system a method to assess normal sequence of
pubertal development
55
Tanner stages range from _-_
1-5
56
Tanner stages reviews what in males
pattern of genital and pubic hair development
57
Tanner stages reviews what in females
breast and pubic hair development

Adolescence (5 decks)

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