Adolescent development 2 Flashcards
What did Somerville et al (2013) find?
-Looked into self consciousness
-Camera had 3 settings; off, warming up and on
-The off setting was to create resting state, warming up was to create anticipation and adrenaline and on was where they’d be evaluated
-When the camera was turned ‘on’ the ppts were told that an individual the same age and sex was watching through the camera
-Results found that adolescents shown larger feeling of embarrassment when told that they were being observed compared to children and adults
What did Weil et al (2013) find?
-Looked into how metacognitive abilities (reflecting on thoughts and feeling) can develop in adolescence period
-They had 56 ppts aged between 11 and 41 who had to perform a perceptual task
-After each trial occurred they were asked to rate their confidence levels on whether they chose the right answer.
-Metacognitive ability increased with age, young adolescence were the worst compared to older adolescents and adults
What did Alberts et al (2007) find?
-Looked into personal fable and risk taking
-119 students who had a mean age of 13 years
-Had to complete a questionnaire linked to personal fable, and example questions included; ‘i know i get away with a lot of stuff other kids get in trouble for’ (invulnerability) and ‘when my parents or friends tell me that they know how i feel, i don’t believe that they really do’ (speciality)
-Personal fable scores were higher for those in adolescence
-Invulnerability question saw males score higher than females
What did Bell and Bromnick (2003) v Galanaki and Christopoulos (2011)
-First study found that imaginary audience was extremely real for adolescents whereas the second study claimed that they are coping mechanisms used by adolescents to help them deal with certain stressful situations that occur in their lives
What did Knoll et al (2015) find?
-Social influence on extreme risk taking
-563 ppts (included children, adolescents and adults) were shown risk scenarios and asked to rate how risky they think they are e.g. crossing the road whilst it’s on red
-Ppts were then shown ratings that other people gave to the scenarios and were asked to re rate them after this
-Initial ratings - children rated scenarios as more risky than adolescents and adults (who were the same)
-Social influence ratings - all age groups influenced by others ratings, adolescents majorly influenced by other adolescents
What did Gardner and Steinburg (2005) find?
-Peer influence on extreme risk taking
-Contained 3 groups; adolescents, youths and adults who completed a driving simulator game, either alone or in presence of a peer
-Found that when completing task alone, all age groups took similar risks whereas within the peer condition, adolescents and young individuals took more risks compared to adults
-These findings show that wanting to fit in can play a crucial role in taking part in risk taking behaviour
What is the biological influence?
-Limbic system is linked with certain behaviour such as emotion, memory, pleasure and reward and this system is something that is heightened in adolescence period
-They have higher sensitivity to reward and this could overshadow any negative consequences that they may face and so this could link to the concept of personal fable
